EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN FLASHCARD SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TENTANG KESEHATAN GIGI PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v7i4.38459Keywords:
Anak Sekolah Dasar, Metode Pembelajaran, Flashcard, Pengetahuan Kesehatan GigiAbstract
Anak usia sekolah dasar merupakan kelompok yang rentan terhadap masalah kesehatan gigi yang dapat diakibatkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi pada anak, sehingga diperlukan metode pembelajaran dengan permainan flashcard yang sesuai dengan usia anak untuk menambah pengetahuan anak. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan flashcard sebagai media pembelajaran tentang kesehatan gigi pada anak sekolah dasar. Desain penelitian deskriptif dengan metode pre-eksperimen satu kelompok pre-test dan post-test, yaitu kelompok diberikan eksperimen untuk mengamati perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Populasi yaitu siswa dan siswi di Sekolah Dasar Swasta di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara kelas IV, V, VI jumlah 110 orang, menggunakan teknik pengumpulan sampel yaitu total sampling. Analisis menggunakan uji statistik presentasi dan paired t-test. Pengetahuan pre-test pada kategori pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 73 siswa (66%), hasil pengetahuan post-test pada kategori pengetahuan baik sebanyak 74 siswa (67%), dan hasil uji analisis diperoleh nilai signifikan 0,000 (p=<0,05) artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan pre-test dan post-test setelah eksperimen atau perlakuan. Pengetahuan pre-test pada kategori pengetahuan kurang, pengetahuan post-test pada kategori pengetahuan baik, dan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan pre-test dan post-test setelah eksperimen atau perlakuan melalui metode pembelajaran dengan permainan flashcard tentang kesehatan gigi pada anak sekolah dasar. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengembangkan dan mengeksplorasi lebih banyak metode pembelajaran yang berbasis permainan yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi pada anak usia sekolah dasar.References
Aghazadeh, S., Nazari, A., & Ranjbar, M. (2020). The effect of an educational intervention on dental hygiene behaviors in adolescents: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 8. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_196_19.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
Alfadda, S. A., & Azzam, H. N. (2021). Dental caries and oral health behavior among primary school children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. BMC Oral Health, 21(1), 346. doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01483-5.
Almeida, R. M. M., Paiva, S. M., & Figueiredo, M. A. Z. (2017). Effects of an oral health education program on the oral health knowledge and behavior of schoolchildren: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 27(1), 58-65. doi:10.1111/ipd.12207.
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (2018). Policy on Dietary Recommendations for Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Diakses dari https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/dietary-recommendations/.
American Dental Association. (2020). Brushing Your Teeth. Diakses dari https://www.ada.org/en/member-center/oral-health-topics/brushing-your-teeth.
American Dental Association. (2021). Oral hygiene: Brushing your teeth. Retrieved from ADA Website.
Arikunto, S. (2016). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Bagramian, R. A., Garcia-Godoy, F., & Volpe, A. R. (2019). The global increase in dental caries: A pending public health crisis. American Journal of Dentistry, 22(1), 3-8.
Bernabé, E., Vehkalahti, M. M., Sheiham, A., Aromaa, A., & Suominen, A. L. (2020). Sugar-sweetened beverages and dental caries in adults: A 4?year prospective study. Journal of Dentistry, 92, 103-107. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103265.
Brown, G. (2020). The use of flashcards in educational settings: A review of their effectiveness. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(4), 589-599.
Buzalaf, M. A. R., Hannas, A. R., & Kato, M. T. (2012). Saliva and dental erosion. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 20(5), 493-502. doi:10.1590/S1678-77572012000500001.
Caufield, P. W., Cutter, G. R., & Dasanayake, A. P. (2005). Initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants: Evidence for a discrete window of infectivity. Journal of Dental Research, 74(1), 28-36.
Cochrane, N. J., Saranathan, S., & Hira, K. (2018). The effect of tooth brushing technique on plaque removal: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 45(11), 1317-1329. doi:10.1111/jcpe.12930.
Dodds, M. W. J. (2008). The oral health benefits of chewing gum. Journal of the Irish Dental Association, 54(3), 140-149.
Duijster, D., de Jong-Lenters, M., Verrips, E., & van Loveren, C. (2015). Establishing oral health promoting behaviours in children – parents’ views on barriers, facilitators and professional support: a qualitative study. BMC Oral Health, 15(1), 1-12.
Dye, B. A., Thornton-Evans, G. B., & Li, X. (2019). Trends in oral health status: United States, 2000–2017. NCHS Data Brief, (307), 1-8.
Fejerskov, O., Nyvad, B., & Kidd, E. A. M. (2015). Dental caries: The disease and its clinical management (3rd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Gould, T. J., & Marra, F. (2018). Oral health: The impact of regular tooth brushing. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 92(5), 34-41.
Goyal, A., Sharma, A., & Agarwal, A. (2021). Effect of brushing technique on dental plaque removal: A systematic review. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 32(2), 205-212. doi:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_24_20.
Gussy, M. G., Waters, E. E., & Mccullough, M. J. (2015). A systematic review of dental caries prevention programs for preschool children: A focus on dental health. Pediatric Dentistry, 37(4), 356-363. doi:10.1016/j.peds.2015.05.008.
Handayani, T., & Prasetya, M. (2017). Efektivitas media pembelajaran visual dalam pendidikan kesehatan anak. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 18(1), 87-95.
Hussain, A., Asim, M., & Farooq, U. (2020). Effectiveness of oral health education programs in improving oral health status among children: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 501. doi:10.3390/ijerph17020501.
Jauhara, F. N., & Febrianti, T. (2019). Kejadian Karies Gigi Dan Faktor Risiko Karies Gigi Pada Siswa SD 104. Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi, 13(1), 22-30.
Jiang, H., Zhang, H., & Li, Y. (2019). The impact of dental caries on the quality of life of children: A systematic review. BMC Oral Health, 19(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0886-3.
Kassebaum, N. J., Smith, A. G. C., Bernabé, E., et al. (2017). Global, Regional, and National Prevalence, Incidence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Oral Conditions for 195 Countries, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Journal of Dental Research, 96(4), 380-387. DOI: 10.1177/0022034517693579.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2016). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2016. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Koss, M. L., Wei, H. S., & Huang, L. H. (2018). Prognostic factors for success of root canal treatment: A meta-analysis. International Endodontic Journal, 51(3), 261-273. doi:10.1111/iej.12822.
Kumar, S., Kumar, A., & Ghosh, A. (2018). Oral health status and its impact on the quality of life of children: A community-based study in India. International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 28(3), 260-266. doi:10.1111/ipd.12359.
Kumar, S., Ghosh, A., & Dutta, S. (2020). Impact of oral health education on the oral health status of children: A systematic review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 76. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_351_19.
Lai, W., Deng, F., & Zhang, Y. (2021). The effectiveness of flashcard-based learning in young children: An evidence-based approach. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49(5), 789-802.
Macek, M. D., Mitola, D. J., & Jones, K. (2008). Sugar consumption and caries risk in young children: The need for increased evidence and guidance. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 68(1), 5-10. doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00072.x.
Marinho, V. C., Worthington, H. V., & Walsh, T. (2019). Fluoride toothpaste for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3), CD002458. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002458.pub3.
Marinho, V. C. C. (2009). Cochrane reviews of randomized trials of fluoride therapies for preventing dental caries. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 10(3), 183-191.
McDonald, R.E., & Avery, D.R. (2016). Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent (10th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Moynihan, P. J., & Kelly, S. A. M. (2014). Effect on caries of restricting sugars intake. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 42(2), 1-9. DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12138.
Moynihan, P. J. (2016). Dietary factors for dental caries and the dietary guidelines for Americans. Journal of the American Dental Association, 147(12), 951-958. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2016.10.010.
Nascimento, J. S., & de Carvalho, L. B. (2020). The effect of brushing frequency on dental caries in children: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 30(5), 545-556. doi:10.1111/ipd.12614.
Nascimento, M. M., & Ferreira, C. F. (2021). Oral hygiene habits and their association with dental caries in preschool children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 21, Article 13. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01263-7.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2016). Konsep Sikap dan Perilaku Kesehatan dalam Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Petersen, P. E., & Ogawa, H. (2012). The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90(1), 38-42. doi:10.2471/BLT.11.088124.
Pitts, N. B., Zero, D. T., Marsh, P. D., Ekstrand, K., Weintraub, J. A., Ramos-Gomez, F., et al. (2017). Dental caries. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3, 17030.
Prasetyo, A., & Hidayati, T. (2020). Prevalensi Karies Gigi dan Faktor Risiko pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi, 14(2), 89-96. DOI: 10.20473/jkg.v14i2.20030.
Pratama, F., & Yuliana, A. (2019). Penerapan metode flashcard dalam meningkatkan daya ingat anak usia sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 14(2), 101-109.
Sari, R. P., & Nugraha, A. (2020). Penggunaan media flashcard dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 12(2), 105-112.
Schwendicke, F., Stolpe, M., & Hassepas, A. (2015). Economic evaluation of caries management strategies in children: A systematic review. Journal of Dental Research, 94(12), 1664-1671. doi:10.1177/0022034515603145.
Selwitz, R. H., Ismail, A. I., & Pitts, N. B. (2007). Dental caries. The Lancet, 369(9555), 51-59. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2.
Sheiham, A., & James, W. P. (2015). A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: Implications for limits on sugars consumption. Public Health Nutrition, 17(10), 2176-2184. doi:10.1017/S136898001400113X.
Suharso, H., Murtini, S., & Mahmud, M. (2020). The effect of tooth brushing frequency on the incidence of dental caries in primary school children. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 14(2), 120-126. doi:10.20527/jkm.v14i2.919.
Suryono, E. (2019). Penggunaan Flashcard dalam Pembelajaran Kesehatan Gigi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan, 15(3), 123-129.
Syarif, A. (2018). Ilmu Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut (Edisi 4). Jakarta: EGC.
Tinanoff, N., & Reisine, S. (2021). Update on early childhood caries since the Surgeon General's Report. Academic Pediatrics, 9(6), 396-403. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.05.005.
Tiwari, R., & Suryani, L. (2021). Efektivitas Media Flashcard untuk Pendidikan Kesehatan Gigi di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan, 14(2), 97-104.
Tiwari, T., Jamison, R., Carlton, B., Schroth, R. J., Albino, J., & Gansky, S. A. (2020). Behavioral interventions to improve oral hygiene behaviors: a systematic review. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 48(3), 195-204.
Vinkers, C. D., et al. (2018). The role of play in children's development: A review of the literature. Journal of Child Development, 45(3), 123-135.
Watt, R. G., & Sheiham, A. (2012). Integrating the common risk factor approach into a social determinants framework. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 40(4), 289-296.
Watt, R. G., & Sheiham, A. (2016). Integrating the common risk factor approach into a social determinants of health strategy for oral health. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 44(2), 124-132. doi:10.1111/cdoe.12184.
Watt, R. G., Listl, S., Peres, M. A., & Heilmann, A. (2016). Sugar consumption and oral health. The Lancet, 388(10044), 1047-1053.
Whitman, D. (2018). Creative play and cognitive development in children: A review of research findings. Developmental Psychology Review, 12(2), 76-89.
World Health Organization. (2021). Oral Health. Diakses dari www.who.int.
Yen, P. H., Lee, S. C., & Yu, C. H. (2021). Family and social support influence children's oral health behavior: A cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 21(1), 45. doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01371-3.
Zaini, A. (2015). Bermain Sebagai Metode Pembelajaran Anak. Journal.iaimkudus.ac.id (Retrieved September 2019).
Zhang, S., Wang, X., & Hu, Y. (2019). The association between dental caries and school absenteeism in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dentistry, 82, 24-30. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.007.
Zosh, J. M., et al. (2017). Learning through play: A review of the evidence. Research in Human Development, 14(1), 1-11.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nancy Lidya Sampouw
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
