PENGGUNAAN KECERDASAAN BUATAN DALAM DIAGNOSA DAN PENGELOLAAN LUKA AKUT DAN KRONIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v8i2.44525Keywords:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Diagnosis Luka, Luka Kronis, Machine Learning, Deep LearningAbstract
Latar Belakang: Luka akut maupun kronis membutuhkan waktu penyembuhan yang lama dan memiliki risiko komplikasi tinggi. Metode diagnosis konvensional masih mengandalkan evaluasi manual oleh tenaga medis, yang subjektif dan kurang akurat. Kecerdasan buatan (AI) menawarkan pendekatan inovatif dalam diagnosis dan pemantauan luka dengan meningkatkan akurasi serta efisiensi perawatan. Metode: Systematic review ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020, dengan pencarian literatur pada PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, dan Cochrane Library untuk studi yang dipublikasikan antara 2018–2024. Studi yang dipilih harus melibatkan AI dalam diagnosis atau manajemen luka akut dan kronis. Data yang diekstraksi mencakup jenis AI, populasi studi, dataset yang dianalisis, dan outcome utama, seperti akurasi diagnosis dan efektivitas terapi. Hasil: Sebanyak 17 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi. AI yang digunakan mencakup machine learning, deep learning, dan computer vision, yang diterapkan dalam analisis gambar luka serta pemantauan penyembuhan luka. Studi menunjukkan bahwa AI memiliki akurasi tinggi (85–97%) dalam diagnosis luka dan dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka dibandingkan metode manual. AI juga dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional, seperti Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) dan skala manual (PUSH, BWAT), serta terbukti lebih akurat dalam penilaian luka. Kesimpulan: AI memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkan diagnosis dan manajemen luka kronis dengan meningkatkan akurasi, mengurangi subjektivitas, dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Integrasi AI dengan telemedicine juga membuka peluang pemantauan jarak jauh, terutama di daerah dengan keterbatasan tenaga medis. Namun, tantangan seperti kebutuhan dataset berkualitas tinggi dan regulasi keamanan data masih perlu diatasi agar AI dapat diterapkan secara luas dalam praktik klinis.References
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