PERAN DUKUNGAN PSIKOSOSIAL DALAM PRAKTIK KEPERAWATAN ONKOLOGI : A SCOPING REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v10i1.55537Keywords:
dukungan psikososial; keperawatan onkologi; peran perawat; pasien kanker; scoping reviewAbstract
Pasien kanker sering mengalami masalah psikososial yang signifikan selama perjalanan penyakit dan pengobatan. Dukungan psikososial merupakan bagian penting dari praktik keperawatan onkologi, namun bentuk dan implementasinya masih beragam dan belum terpetakan secara komprehensif. Scoping review ini bertujuan untuk memetakan peran dukungan psikososial dalam praktik keperawatan onkologi pada pasien kanker dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain scoping review berdasarkan kerangka Levac et al. dan pedoman PRISMA-ScR dengan pendekatan Population–Concept–Context (PCC). Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, dan ProQuest. Artikel penelitian primer berbahasa Inggris yang membahas dukungan psikososial dalam praktik keperawatan onkologi diseleksi sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sebanyak 28 artikel dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disintesis menggunakan analisis tematik. Analisis mengidentifikasi tujuh tema utama, yaitu peran perawat dalam dukungan psikososial, komunikasi terapeutik, edukasi psikososial, intervensi keperawatan berbasis self-efficacy, dukungan keluarga dan sosial, dampak dukungan psikososial terhadap pasien kanker, serta hambatan pelaksanaannya. Dukungan psikososial yang diberikan perawat secara konsisten berhubungan dengan penurunan kecemasan dan distress, peningkatan coping dan self-efficacy, serta perbaikan kualitas hidup pasien kanker. Dukungan psikososial merupakan komponen esensial dalam praktik keperawatan onkologi dan perlu diintegrasikan secara sistematis ke dalam standar asuhan keperawatan. Penguatan kompetensi perawat dan dukungan organisasi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan onkologi berbasis bukti.References
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