PENATALAKSANAAN DAN TARGET TEKANAN DARAH PADA HIPERTENSI URGENSI : LAPORAN KASUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v10i1.55474Keywords:
hipertensi urgensi, krisis hipertensi, penatalaksanaan hipertensi, target tekanan darahAbstract
Hipertensi urgensi merupakan kondisi peningkatan tekanan darah tanpa kerusakan organ target akut. Kondisi ini sering ditangani secara agresif sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan perfusi organ. Beberapa pedoman menekankan fokus pada penurunan tekanan darah bertahap dengan terapi oral dan target tekanan darah yang aman. Laporan kasus ini menyoroti pemahaman yang tepat mengenai prinsip tatalaksana dan target penurunan tekanan darah pada hipertensi urgensi. Seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 50 tahun datang ke Puskesmas dengan keluhan pegal pada leher belakang menjalar hingga ke bahu sejak satu bulan lalu, disertai dengan nyeri kepala berdenyut hilang timbul pada seluruh kepala sejak dua minggu yang lalu. Pasien memiliki riwayat batu ginjal dan batu kandung kemih yang telah dioperasi pada tahun 2019. Pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan tekanan darah tinggi, tanpa adanya kelainan neurologis dengan kadar gula sewaktu dalam batas normal. Dari hasil pemetaan Mandala of Health menunjukkan faktor biologis yaitu riwayat keluarga hipertensi, perilaku personal seperti pola makan tinggi garam, kurang aktivitas fisik, dan ketidakpatuhan berobat, adanya faktor psikologis berupa stress ekonomi, serta faktor sosial ekonomi dengan status ekonomi menengah ke bawah serta tingkat Pendidikan rendah. Diagnosis holistik mencakup aspek personal nyeri kepala dan leher, aspek klinis hipertensi urgensi, aspek internal berupa kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran untuk rutin kontrol, dan aspek eksternal berupa keterbatasan ekonomi. Penatalaksanaan medis yang sesuai dan edukasi diberikan kepada pasien dan keluarga, disertai dengan observasi tekanan darah oleh tenaga kesehatan. Penatalaksanaan hipertensi urgensi dilakukan secara bertahap menggunakan antihipertensi oral dan diperlukan evaluasi serta pemantauan rutin untuk mencegah komplikasi serta progresi menjadi hipertensi emergensi.References
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