LAPORAN KASUS : HIPOKALEMIA DENGAN PRESENTASI TETRAPLEGI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v10i1.55088Keywords:
kelemahan otot, periodik paralisis hipokalemia, tetraplegiAbstract
HypoKPP (PPH) adalah gangguan neuromuskular yang jarang terjadi tetapi perlu diwaspadai. Kondisi ini ditandai episode berulang lemahnya otot flaksid yang berkaitan dengan rendahnya kalium dan umumnya muncul pada usia muda. Kondisi ini sering terlewatkan dalam asesmen awal kelemahan akut karena manifestasi klinisnya dapat menyerupai berbagai gangguan neurologis lain yang lebih umum dan bersifat gawat darurat. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas konsep paralisis periodik hipokalemik serta menekankan pentingnya alur diagnosis yang sistematis berdasarkan telaah literatur. Secara klinis, PPH ditandai oleh kelemahan otot simetris tanpa gangguan sensorik atau penurunan kesadaran, yang membaik setelah koreksi kalium. Diagnosis ditegakkan melalui identifikasi serangan kelemahan berulang yang disertai hipokalemia, respons klinis terhadap suplementasi kalium, serta penyingkiran penyebab hipokalemia sekunder. Pemeriksaan kadar kalium urin dan status asam-basa memiliki peran penting dalam membedakan PPH akibat redistribusi kalium ke intrasel dari kondisi dengan kehilangan kalium berlebih. Deteksi dini dan prosedur diagnosis yang tepat diperlukan agar komplikasi serius dapat dicegah seperti gangguan irama jantung serta untuk menentukan tata laksana dan pencegahan kekambuhan jangka panjang.References
Anantyo, D. T., & Putra, R. M. (2022). Seorang anak 17 tahun dengan hipokalemia periodik paralisis. Medica Hospitalia: Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(2), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v9i2.782
Aprilia, S. E., & Tambun, O. (2024). Potassium therapy in patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis in RSUD Kabupaten Empat Lawang: A case report. The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.XXXX/ijgm.v3i1.xxx
Cannon, S. C. (2018). Pathomechanisms in channelopathies of skeletal muscle and brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 41, 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-061953
Dogan, N. O., Avcu, N., Yaka, E., Isikkent, A., & Durmus, U. (2015). Weakness in the emergency department: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis induced by strenuous physical activity. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(2), 93–95.
Isiklar, A. (2019). Atypical presentation of periodic paralysis: A case report. Clinical Management Issues, 13(1), 7–10.
Jain, M., Mehta, G., Parmar, A., Shastri, M., Patel, S., Gandhi, V., Karatela, S., & Patel, A. (2025). Hypokalemic paralysis is not always periodic: A case series. Case Reports in Medicine, 2025, Article 9925534. https://doi.org/10.1155/carm/9925534
Jameson, J. L., Fauci, A. S., Kasper, D. L., Hauser, S. L., Longo, D. L., & Loscalzo, J. (Eds.). (2018). Harrison’s principles of internal medicine (20th ed.). McGraw Hill Education.
Kardalas, E., Paschou, S. A., Anagnostis, P., Muscogiuri, G., Siasos, G., & Vryonidou, A. (2018). Hypokalemia: A clinical update. Endocrine Connections, 7(4), R135–R146. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0109
Mosquera Gorostidi, A., Zarikian Denis, S. E., Gembero Arroyo, E., & others. (2015). Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: A case report based on clinical and genetic findings. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 19(Suppl. 1), S126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-3798(15)30427-X
Pinzon, R. T., & Larasati, Y. (2024). Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis: A case report. Acta Neurologica Indonesiana, 2(3), 24–29.
Pardede, S. O., & Fahriani, R. (2012). Paralisis periodik hipokalemik familial. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 39(10), 727–730.
Safitri, N. E., & Yasa, I. M. M. (2023). Case report: Periodic hypokalemic paralysis. Nursing and Health Science Journal, 3(2), 202–205. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v3i2.256
Sarahfebi, I., Nadya, A., Lisna, A., Anjali, P., Rahardjo, T. M., & Moenardi, V. N. (2022). Paralysis due to hypokalemia and hypocalcemia: A case report. Medical Clinical Update Journal, 1(1), 31–35.
Statland, J. M., Fontaine, B., Hanna, M. G., Johnson, N. E., & Kissel, J. T. (2018). Review of the diagnosis and treatment of periodic paralysis. Muscle & Nerve, 57(4), 522–530. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.26009
Sterns, R. H. (2022). Potassium disorders: Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Nephrology Self-Assessment Program (NephSAP), 20(2), 101–118. American Society of Nephrology.
Trivedi, J. R., Bundy, B., Statland, J. M., Salajegheh, M. K., Rayan, D. R., Venance, S. L., Wang, Y., Fialho, D., Matthews, E., Sansone, V. A., Cannon, S. C., & Griggs, R. C. (2013). Non-dystrophic myotonias: Clinical and molecular spectrum of disorders. Neurology, 80(7), 626–634. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182815424
Vicart, S., Sternberg, D., Arzel, M., & Fontaine, B. (2023). Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: From pathophysiology to treatment. Journal of Neurology, 270(8), 3815–3826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11964-z
Venance, S. L., Cannon, S. C., Fialho, D., Fontaine, B., Hanna, M. G., Ptácek, L. J., & Tawil, R. (2006). The primary periodic paralyses: Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment. Brain, 129(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh639
Weber, F., & Lehmann-Horn, F. (2018). Hypokalemic periodic paralysis. In M. P. Adam, H. H. Ardinger, R. A. Pagon, S. E. Wallace, L. J. H. Bean, G. Mirzaa, & A. Amemiya (Eds.), GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1338
Wijaya, J. K. I., & Nuranjumi, N. (2022). Periodik paralisis hipokalemia pada pria 29 tahun. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 4(1), 281–288. http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ignasius Ivan Chandra S, Borries Foresto Buharman, Velma Herwanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
