PERAN C3 DAN ANTI-STREPTOLYSIN O PADA DIAGNOSIS GLOMERULONEFRITIS AKUT PASCASTREPTOKOKUS ANAK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v10i1.55054Keywords:
anak, anti-streptolysin O, GNAPS, komplemen C3Abstract
Glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus (GNAPS) merupakan penyebab tersering sindrom nefritik akut pada anak. Diagnosis umumnya dapat ditegakkan berdasarkan gambaran klinis khas, namun konfirmasi diagnostik sering menghadapi kendala karena perubahan marker imunologis yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu pemeriksaan selama perjalanan penyakit. Dua parameter laboratorium yang paling sering digunakan adalah kadar komplemen C3 dan titer Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO), yang interpretasinya memerlukan pemahaman mengenai dinamika patofisiologi GNAPS. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan mengevaluasi secara kritis peran, keterbatasan, dan nilai diagnostik pemeriksaan C3 dan ASO dalam menegakkan diagnosis GNAPS pada anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran literatur melalui basis data PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect terhadap publikasi dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Dari delapan artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, didapatkan bahwa penurunan kadar C3 merupakan temuan yang paling konsisten pada fase akut GNAPS dan umumnya kembali normal dalam waktu 6–8 minggu. Sementara itu, peningkatan titer ASO berperan sebagai bukti serologis adanya infeksi streptokokus sebelumnya, namun sensitivitasnya bervariasi bergantung pada lokasi infeksi serta waktu pengambilan sampel. Kombinasi kadar C3 yang rendah dengan titer ASO yang meningkat memberikan nilai diagnostik tertinggi dibandingkan penggunaan masing-masing parameter secara terpisah. Pemahaman yang baik terhadap pola perubahan C3 dan ASO sangat penting untuk meningkatkan akurasi diagnosis, menghindari pemeriksaan yang tidak perlu, serta mencegah kesalahan interpretasi pada GNAPS anak.References
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