LITERATURE REVIEW : HUBUNGAN OBESITAS DENGAN KEJADIAN RETINOPATI DIABETIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v10i1.54675Keywords:
diabetes mellitus tipe 2, indeks massa tubuh, komplikasi, obesitas, retinopati diabetikAbstract
Obesitas merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang prevalensinya terus meningkat dan diketahui berperan sebagai faktor risiko penting pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Kondisi obesitas dapat memengaruhi terjadinya berbagai komplikasi kronis, salah satunya retinopati diabetik, yang merupakan penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan pada penderita diabetes. Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah masih adanya perbedaan hasil penelitian terkait peran obesitas sebagai faktor risiko retinopati diabetik dibandingkan faktor risiko lainnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas dengan kejadian retinopati diabetik pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 berdasarkan telaah literatur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain literature review. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh artikel ilmiah yang membahas hubungan obesitas dengan retinopati diabetik pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Sampel berupa 10 artikel ilmiah yang dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Variabel penelitian meliputi obesitas yang diukur melalui indeks massa tubuh dan lingkar pinggang serta kejadian retinopati diabetik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran basis data jurnal ilmiah nasional dan internasional, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa 7 dari 10 artikel melaporkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara obesitas dengan peningkatan risiko retinopati diabetik, sedangkan 3 artikel lainnya menyatakan bahwa obesitas bukan merupakan prediktor utama dibandingkan faktor lain seperti kontrol glikemik, durasi diabetes, hipertensi, usia, jenis kelamin, dan komorbiditas. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah obesitas berperan sebagai salah satu faktor risiko kejadian retinopati diabetik pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2.References
Ahmed, I., Mustafa, A., Hussain, Z., Junaid, Z., & Nizamuddin, M. (2025). The association of body mass index and incidence of diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study in Karachi. Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, 24(3), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.22442/jlumhs.2025.01190
Chong, D. D., Das, N., & Singh, R. P. (2024). Diabetic retinopathy: Screening, prevention, and treatment. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 91(8), 503–510. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.91a.24028
Endokrinologi Indonesia, P. (2021). Pedoman pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dewasa di Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit PB PERKENI.
Fu, S., Zhang, L., Xu, J., Liu, X., & Zhu, X. (2023). Association between abdominal obesity and diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 18(1), e0279734. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279734
He, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, J., Huang, S., Li, H., Cao, J., & Ye, J. (2025). Novel visceral obesity indicators and associated metabolic fingerprint in incident diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 66(12), 17. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.12.17
International Diabetes Federation. (2021). IDF diabetes atlas (10th ed.). Brussels: International Diabetes Federation.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Laporan nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Khoma Fatmawati, N., & Bakhtiar, R. (2021). Hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan derajat retinopati diabetik. Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman, 8(2).
Li, W., Gong, X., Wang, W., Xiong, K., Meng, J., Li, Y., Wang, L., Liang, X., Jin, L., & Huang, W. (2022). Association of different kinds of obesity with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open, 12(5), e056332. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056332
Shi, S., Ni, L., Tian, Y., Zhang, B., Xiao, J., Xu, W., Gao, L., & Wu, X. (2023). Association of obesity indices with diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A real-world study. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2023, 3819830. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3819830
Tumminia, A., Milluzzo, A., Carrubba, N., Vinciguerra, F., Baratta, R., & Frittitta, L. (2024). Excessive generalized and visceral adiposity is associated with a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 34(3), 763–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.031
Wang, S., Qin, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, N., & Zhao, J. (2024). The relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index, body mass index and diabetic retinopathy among American adults: A population-based analysis. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 75211. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75211-9
Yang, G. R., Li, D., & Xie, Z. (2021). Association of obesity with diabetic retinopathy in US adults with diabetes in a national survey. Endocrine Connections, 10(7), 725–730. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0172
Yusran, M. (2017). Retinopati diabetik: Tinjauan kasus diagnosis dan tatalaksana. JK Unila, 1.
Zhou, Y., et al. (2017). Body mass index and risk of diabetic retinopathy. Medicine (Baltimore), 96(22), e7010.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadhifah Wasila Khairun, Hanna Aulia Namirah, Prema Hapsari Hidayati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
