DETERMINAN GEOGRAFIS DAN JENIS KELAMIN TERHADAP KEJADIAN NEOPLASMA: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL

Aswa Arsa Kumala; Yusuf Alam Romadhon

doi:10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.53019

Authors

Aswa Arsa Kumala Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Yusuf Alam Romadhon Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Keluarga, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.53019

Keywords:

jenis kelamin, kedekatan sungai, luas sawah, neoplasma, transisi industri-agrikultur

Abstract

Neoplasma merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan beban penyakit yang terus meningkat, terutama di daerah transisi industri-agrikultur. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh faktor geografis dan jenis kelamin terhadap kejadian neoplasma di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh luas sawah, kedekatan dengan Sungai Bengawan Solo, dan jenis kelamin terhadap kejadian neoplasma di Kecamatan Grogol, Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study. Populasi penelitian adalah masyarakat yang tercatat dalam database SIMPUS Grogol periode Januari-Desember 2024. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah responden 1.827 orang. Variabel independen meliputi luas sawah, kedekatan dengan Sungai Bengawan Solo, dan jenis kelamin, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah kejadian neoplasma berdasarkan kode ICD-10 C00-D48.9. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk analisis bivariat dan regresi logistik biner untuk analisis multivariat dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi neoplasma sebesar 30,6%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan jenis kelamin perempuan memiliki risiko neoplasma 2,731 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki (AOR=2,731; 95% CI: 2,183-3,416; p<0,001). Kedekatan dengan Sungai Bengawan Solo menunjukkan efek protektif dengan penurunan risiko sebesar 36,2% (AOR=0,638; 95% CI: 0,509-0,799; p<0,001). Luas sawah tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dalam analisis multivariat (AOR=1,168; 95% CI: 0,923-1,477; p=0,196). Jenis kelamin perempuan merupakan faktor risiko dominan untuk neoplasma di daerah transisi industri-agrikultur. Diperlukan pendekatan pencegahan kanker yang sensitif jenis kelamin dan penguatan sistem surveilans kesehatan berbasis komunitas di wilayah berisiko tinggi.

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