DAMPAK PAJANAN PM2.5 DAN PM10 TERHADAP KESEHATAN PEKERJA DI PLTU BATUBARA: TINJAUAN LITERATURE REVIEW

Nengsih Nengsih; Hamzah Hasyim; Elvi Sunarsih

doi:10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.52903

Authors

Nengsih Nengsih Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (S2), Universitas Sriwijaya
Hamzah Hasyim Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (S2), Universitas Sriwijaya
Elvi Sunarsih Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (S2), Universitas Sriwijaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.52903

Keywords:

PM2.5, PM10, Kesehatan Pekerja, PLTU Batubara, Polusi Udara

Abstract

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) batubara merupakan salah satu sumber utama emisi partikulat halus (PM2.5) dan partikulat kasar (PM10) yang berpotensi menimbulkan dampak kesehatan serius, khususnya pada pekerja yang memiliki intensitas pajanan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak pajanan PM2.5 dan PM10 terhadap kesehatan pekerja di PLTU batubara dengan meninjau hasil penelitian lima tahun terakhir. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur dengan pendekatan naratif, memanfaatkan basis data ilmiah terindeks seperti Scopus, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa paparan PM2.5 dan PM10 secara konsisten dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko gangguan sistem pernapasan (asma, bronkitis kronis, penurunan fungsi paru), gangguan kardiovaskular, serta peningkatan risiko mortalitas akibat penyakit paru dan jantung. Selain itu, mekanisme biologis yang mendasari dampak kesehatan tersebut melibatkan peradangan sistemik, stres oksidatif, dan disfungsi endotel. Beberapa penelitian juga melaporkan bahwa pekerja PLTU memiliki kadar biomarker inflamasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasi umum. Simpulan dari tinjauan ini menekankan pentingnya pengendalian emisi, penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD), serta penerapan monitoring kualitas udara di lingkungan kerja PLTU batubara untuk melindungi kesehatan pekerja.

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