TINJAUAN LITERATUR : HUBUNGAN ANTARA HIPERTENSI DAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.52867Keywords:
hipertensi, manajemen hipertensi, penyakit jantung koroner, risiko kardiovaskularAbstract
Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) tetap menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian secara global, termasuk di Indonesia, dengan hipertensi diidentifikasi sebagai salah satu faktor risiko utama. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menelaah hubungan antara hipertensi dan PJK. Analisis dari 15 studi relevan menunjukkan bahwa hipertensi tidak hanya meningkatkan risiko PJK tetapi juga memperburuk prognosis klinisnya. Mekanisme patofisiologis utama meliputi hipertrofi ventrikel kiri, disfungsi endotel, aktivasi sistem renin-angiotensin-aldosteron (RAAS), dan peradangan sistemik, yang semuanya berkontribusi terhadap pembentukan dan progresi plak aterosklerotik. Selain itu, durasi dan derajat keparahan hipertensi secara kuantitatif meningkatkan risiko PJK. Studi juga menunjukkan bahwa tekanan darah yang terlalu rendah secara paradoks dapat meningkatkan risiko kardiovaskular. Kondisi komorbid seperti diabetes, riwayat keluarga penyakit jantung, dan usia lanjut semakin memperkuat hubungan antara hipertensi dan PJK. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian hipertensi yang efektif melalui terapi farmakologis yang tepat dan modifikasi gaya hidup sehat sangat penting untuk mengurangi kejadian dan komplikasi PJK. Tinjauan ini menekankan pentingnya deteksi dini, manajemen komprehensif, dan kolaborasi aktif antara penyedia layanan kesehatan dan pasien dalam pencegahan hasil kardiovaskular yang lebih luas.References
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