PREVALENSI KELAINAN REFRAKSI DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PADA SISWA DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.52412Keywords:
Indonesia, kelainan, prevalensi, refraksi, siswaAbstract
Kelainan refraksi pada anak usia sekolah merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting untuk mendapat perhatian. Sejak pandemi COVID-19, seluruh kegiatan dilaksanakan secara daring, yang mendorong percepatan digitalisasi sehingga penggunaan perangkat elektronik seperti smartphone, laptop, tablet, dan gawai lain semakin meningkat dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi potong lintang (cross-sectional), serta mengumpulkan data primer melalui kuesioner dan pemeriksaan refraksi yang dilakukan oleh optometris. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive di lima provinsi di Indonesia, yaitu Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Kepulauan Riau, Kalimantan Barat, dan Sulawesi Utara, mencakup sekolah negeri dan swasta dari tingkat SD, SMP, hingga SMA, dengan total sampel 201 anak. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko miopia serta astigmatisma pada anak sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kelainan refraksi pada anak usia sekolah di Indonesia adalah 30,8%, dengan prevalensi 25,2% pada SD, 33,2% pada SMP, dan 37,4% pada SMA. Dari lima provinsi tersebut, prevalensi tertinggi ditemukan di Kepulauan Riau sebesar 48,7%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling berhubungan dengan kelainan refraksi adalah uncorrected refractive error (URE) (POR 57,60; 95% CI: 42,15–78,71) dan durasi penggunaan gawai per hari (POR 3,34; 95% CI: 2,32–4,81). Perbandingan antara sekolah negeri dan swasta menunjukkan prevalensi 30,0% pada sekolah negeri dan 31,6% pada sekolah swasta, dengan prevalensi tertinggi ditemukan pada SMA swasta sebesar 42,0%, diikuti SMP negeri sebesar 37,4%.References
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