TINJAUAN LITERATUR : PENGARUH FAKTOR PERSONAL DAN LINGKUNGAN PADA KEPATUHAN KTR PUBLIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.52287Keywords:
Kepatuhan, Compliance, Kawasan Tanpa Rokok, Smoke Free AreaAbstract
Merokok merupakan faktor risiko penting yang berperan besar dalam munculnya berbagai penyakit kronis serta kematian dini di berbagai negara. Data WHO tahun 2024 menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menempati posisi kelima tertinggi dalam penggunaan produk tembakau pada kelompok usia 15 tahun ke atas. Pemerintah telah menetapkan kebijakan mengenai kawasan tanpa rokok (KTR), namun meskipun berbagai regulasi telah diberlakukan, pelaksanaan KTR di lapangan masih mengalami banyak hambatan, terutama rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat. Beragam faktor memengaruhi kepatuhan tersebut, di antaranya faktor personal dan faktor lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan menelaah penelitian-penelitian yang mengkaji pengaruh kedua faktor tersebut terhadap kepatuhan penerapan KTR pada fasilitas publik. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Sumber data diperoleh dari beberapa portal jurnal seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ResearchGate, dengan kata kunci “kepatuhan”, “compliance”, “kawasan tanpa rokok”, dan “smoke free area”, serta artikel yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2017–2025. Dari total 225 artikel yang ditemukan, sebanyak 10 artikel dipilih setelah melalui proses seleksi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Secara umum, hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa faktor personal (pengetahuan, sikap, efikasi diri, dan persepsi) serta faktor lingkungan (ketersediaan fasilitas merokok dan keberadaan tanda larangan merokok) memiliki pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan penerapan KTR di fasilitas publik. Kedua kelompok faktor ini saling berhubungan dan memengaruhi satu sama lain secara timbal balik (reciprocal determinism).References
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