TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CAKUPAN IMUNISASI ANAK DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG  : SCOPING REVIEW

Mareta Adya Tiar; Ayun Sriatmi; Cahya Tri Purnami

doi:10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.52227

Authors

Mareta Adya Tiar Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Ayun Sriatmi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Cahya Tri Purnami Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.52227

Keywords:

cakupan, imunisasi anak, negara berkembang, peluang, tantangan

Abstract

Imunisasi anak merupakan strategi kesehatan masyarakat yang penting untuk menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan vaksin. Namun, cakupan imunisasi di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah (LMIC) masih belum optimal akibat berbagai hambatan, mulai dari kelemahan sistem kesehatan hingga pengaruh sosial dan budaya. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tantangan dan peluang untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi anak di negara berkembang melalui sintesis bukti dari tinjauan sistematis, studi primer, dan laporan kebijakan. Tinjauan dilakukan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA-ScR, dengan pencarian literatur di PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, SAGE, Springer Link, serta literatur abu-abu dari WHO, UNICEF, dan GAVI. Strategi pencarian menggunakan istilah MeSH dan kata kunci teks bebas seperti "imunisasi anak", "vaksinasi pediatrik", "hambatan", dan "peluang", terbatas pada publikasi berbahasa Inggris 2020–2025. Artikel dipilih jika membahas imunisasi anak (<18 tahun) di negara berkembang dan faktor yang memengaruhi cakupan. Data diekstraksi dan disintesis secara tematis, mengelompokkan tantangan dan peluang ke domain struktural, sosial-ekonomi, budaya, kebijakan, logistik, dan teknologi. Hasil menunjukkan tantangan utama meliputi cakupan rendah, hambatan geografis dan finansial, kelemahan sistem kesehatan, keraguan terhadap vaksin, misinformasi, dan pengaruh budaya. Peluang mencakup penguatan rantai pasok, peningkatan layanan dan sistem data, kapasitas tenaga kesehatan, komunikasi yang peka budaya, literasi vaksin, serta tata kelola dan kebijakan yang mendukung.

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