LITERATUR REVIEW : HUBUNGAN ANTARA STRES KERJA DAN KESEHATAN MENTAL TENAGA KESEHATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.52219Keywords:
stres kerja, kesehatan mental, tenaga kesehatan.Abstract
Stres kerja merupakan tantangan serius dalam dunia kesehatan yang berdampak langsung pada kesejahteraan mental tenaga kesehatan. Tekanan pekerjaan yang tinggi, tanggung jawab emosional yang berat, dan keterbatasan dukungan sosial menjadikan profesi ini sangat rentan terhadap kelelahan emosional, kecemasan, hingga depresi. Literatur review ini bertujuan untuk memahami hubungan antara stres kerja dan kesehatan mental pada tenaga kesehatan dengan menyoroti faktor penyebab, mekanisme psikologis yang terlibat, serta implikasi praktis bagi pengelolaan kesehatan kerja. Pendekatan tinjauan integratif digunakan untuk menelaah delapan artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018 hingga 2025, yang terdiri dari lima penelitian internasional dan tiga penelitian di Indonesia. Pencarian dilakukan melalui basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect dengan menggunakan kata kunci ‘stres kerja’, ‘kesehatan mental’, ‘tenaga kesehatan’, dan ‘burnout’. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja berlebih, dukungan organisasi yang minim, serta tekanan emosional berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya risiko gangguan psikologis dan penurunan kesejahteraan mental. Model Job Demand–Control menjelaskan bahwa tingginya tuntutan kerja dengan kontrol yang rendah memperparah tekanan psikologis tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan staf, sistem kerja bergilir, serta budaya kerja yang hierarkis memperbesar risiko stres dan burnout. Tinjauan ini menegaskan pentingnya intervensi berbasis organisasi seperti penyesuaian beban kerja, pelatihan manajemen stres, dukungan psikologis, dan kepemimpinan suportif untuk menjaga kesehatan mental tenaga kesehatan.References
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