AKSES AIR BERSIH DAN SANITASI DI PULAU-PULAU WISATA LAHAN KERING KEPULAUAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Luisa M. Haning; Sonya Anggreni Agustin Sinlae; Luh Putu  Ruliati

doi:10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.51795

Authors

Luisa M. Haning Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Nusa Cendana
Sonya Anggreni Agustin Sinlae Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Nusa Cendana
Luh Putu Ruliati Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Nusa Cendana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.51795

Keywords:

clean water, sanitation, island tourism, drylands, East Nusa Tenggara

Abstract

Akses terhadap air bersih dan sanitasi yang layak merupakan isu mendasar di wilayah kepulauan lahan kering seperti Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau dan mensintesis hasil-hasil penelitian terkini (2015-2025) mengenai ketersediaan air bersih, sanitasi, dan tata kelola air di pulau-pulau wisata NTT yang mengalami tekanan akibat pertumbuhan pariwisata dan perubahan iklim. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review dengan mengumpulkan 356 artikel dari basis data ilmiah (SINTA, DOAJ, Scopus, Garuda, Google Scholar, Neliti, dan PubMed). Setelah proses penyaringan dan penilaian kelayakan, 15 artikel utama diperoleh sebagai sumber data inti. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan akses air bersih dan sanitasi antara masyarakat lokal dan sektor pariwisata masih tinggi, terutama di Labuan Bajo, Sumba, dan Alor, di mana permintaan air meningkat pesat seiring ekspansi infrastruktur pariwisata. Tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan sumber daya air alami, lemahnya tata kelola air lintas sektor, rendahnya adopsi teknologi adaptif seperti penampungan air hujan, desalinasi skala kecil, serta terbatasnya kapasitas institusional di tingkat daerah. Beberapa inisiatif community-based WASH, kolaborasi multipihak, dan model tata kelola inklusif mulai berkembang, namun upaya tersebut masih membutuhkan dukungan kebijakan, inovasi pembiayaan, dan pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang berkelanjutan. Kajian ini merekomendasikan perlunya integrasi pendekatan climate resilience, inclusive WASH, dan tourism water governance dalam kebijakan pembangunan pulau-pulau wisata di NTT.

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