SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW : FAKTOR RESIKO NEUROPATI PERIFER PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.51779Keywords:
Diabetes Melitus, faktor risiko, Neuropati PeriferAbstract
Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan suatu gangguan metabolik yang bersifat kronis dan progresif, yang sering kali disertai dengan munculnya komplikasi mikrovaskular yang serius. Di antara komplikasi tersebut, Neuropati Perifer Diabetik (DPN) menempati posisi sebagai komplikasi saraf yang paling umum dijumpai dan berperan sebagai faktor kunci dalam patogenesis ulkus kaki diabetikinfeksi, hingga amputasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi dan menganalisis secara sistematis determinan faktor risiko dominan yang berasosiasi dengan kemunculan DPN pada populasi penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Studi ini dirancang sebagai Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang mengikuti panduan PRISMA. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada empat basis data utama (Medline, Proquest, Scopus, dan Google Scholar) menggunakan kombinasi terminologi kunci dengan batasan waktu publikasi dari tahun 2020 hingga 2024. Melalui proses skrining yang ketat, ditetapkan sebanyak 15 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Sintesis temuan dari artikel terpilih menunjukkan variasi prevalensi DPN yang luas antara 8% hingga 80%, namun secara konsisten menyoroti bahwa kontrol kadar gula darah yang buruk (tinggi kadar HbA1c), durasi penyakit DM yang semakin lama, dan usia pasien yang lebih tua merupakan faktor determinan risiko paling signifikan terhadap kejadian DPN. Selain itu, faktor gaya hidup seperti obesitas dan adanya komorbiditas dislipidemia juga berkontribusi substansial. Kesimpulan dari tinjauan ini menekankan pentingnya intervensi klinis yang fokus pada pengawasan dan perbaikan kontrol glikemik jangka panjang serta modifikasi faktor risiko terkait gaya hidup guna mencegah atau menghambat progresivitas Neuropati Perifer Diabetik.References
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