SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW : PERBANDINGAN MANIFESTASI KLINIS DARI VERTIGO PERIFER DAN VERTIGO SENTRAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.51777Keywords:
gejala klinis, vertigo perifer, vertigo sentralAbstract
Vertigo merupakan salah satu keluhan yang sering dijumpai dalam praktik klinis, dengan prevalensi tinggi terutama pada usia dewasa dan lanjut usia. Kondisi ini dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup penderita melalui gangguan keseimbangan, kecemasan, dan peningkatan risiko jatuh. Secara klinis, vertigo dibedakan menjadi vertigo perifer dan vertigo sentral, namun perbedaan gejalanya tidak selalu jelas sehingga sering menimbulkan misdiagnosis. Kesalahan dalam membedakan vertigo sentral—yang berkaitan dengan gangguan serius pada sistem saraf pusat—dari vertigo perifer yang cenderung lebih jinak dapat menyebabkan keterlambatan diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan. Untuk itu dilakukan literature review dengan menelaah 22 jurnal terkait karakteristik klinis, faktor risiko, dan pendekatan diagnostik yang dapat membedakan kedua jenis vertigo tersebut. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa vertigo perifer dan sentral memiliki perbedaan klinis yang konsisten dan dapat diidentifikasi melalui anamnesis serta pemeriksaan fisik yang teliti. Secara umum, vertigo perifer ditandai onset mendadak, gejala intens, sering disertai gangguan pendengaran, dan tidak menunjukkan defisit neurologis pusat. Sebaliknya, vertigo sentral umumnya menampilkan gejala yang lebih halus tetapi disertai tanda neurologis seperti ataksia, diplopia, serta nistagmus vertikal atau multidireksional, sehingga pemeriksaan klinis yang cermat sangat penting untuk membedakannya secara akurat.References
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