PENGELOLAAN PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN GANGGUAN METABOLIK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Nurul 'Afifah  Hijami; Maya  Ulfah; Zahara Nurfatihah  Z; Andriansyah Andriansyah

doi:10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.51355

Authors

Nurul 'Afifah Hijami Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung
Maya Ulfah Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung
Zahara Nurfatihah Z Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung
Andriansyah Andriansyah Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.51355

Keywords:

Penyakit Akibat Kerja, Sindrom Metabolik, Pengelolaan Kesehatan, Intervensi di Tempat Kerja

Abstract

Sindrom metabolik merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang berhubungan erat dengan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes tipe 2. Pekerja memiliki kerentanan tinggi akibat faktor organisasi kerja, psikososial, lingkungan, gaya hidup, dan individu. Penelitian ini merupakan systematic literature review terhadap 41 artikel yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2015–2025. Basis data utama meliputi PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus dan Science Direct. Artikel yang diinklusi dianalisis berdasarkan desain penelitian, karakteristik sampel, instrumen pengukuran, faktor risiko yang diidentifikasi, serta strategi pengelolaan sindrom metabolik di tempat kerja. Analisis menunjukkan lima kategori utama faktor risiko: (1) organisasi kerja (shift malam, gangguan ritme sirkadian), (2) psikososial (stres, job strain, ketidakseimbangan usaha-imbalan), (3) lingkungan fisik (kebisingan, polusi), (4) gaya hidup (kurang aktivitas fisik, diet tidak sehat, sedentari), dan (5) individu/dukungan sosial (usia, obesitas, penyakit penyerta, rendahnya dukungan sosial). Strategi pengelolaan efektif mencakup intervensi multikomponen: promosi aktivitas fisik, modifikasi pola makan, manajemen stres, pengaturan shift kerja, pengendalian lingkungan, serta pemanfaatan teknologi digital seperti telehealth dan mHealth. Sindrom metabolik di tempat kerja merupakan hasil interaksi kompleks berbagai faktor risiko yang saling memengaruhi. Pencegahan dan pengendaliannya memerlukan pendekatan holistik yang mengintegrasikan intervensi perilaku, psikososial, organisasi, dan teknologi. Upaya ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesehatan pekerja sekaligus produktivitas organisasi.

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