LITERATURE REVIEW : TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TERHADAP PENYAKIT RETINOPATI DIABETIK DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.51283Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, pengetahuan, retinopati diabetikAbstract
Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia karena kurang nya sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Diabetes didiagnosis ketika glukosa plasma puasa >126 mg/dL dan gula plasma 2 jam >200 mg/dL setelah glukosa oral (TTGO) dengan beban glukosa 75 gram, glukosa plasma sewaktu > 200 mg/dL dan HbA1c >6.5 %. Retinopati diabetik merupakan komplikasi mikrovaskular yang paling penting karena memiliki insiden yang sangat tinggi, mencapai 40-50% pada pasien diabetes, dan memiliki prognosis yang sangat buruk untuk penglihatan. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan Literature review dengan metode Narrative Review. Data dikumpulkan dari beberapa artikel di jurnal internasional terakreditasi. Pencarian menghasilkan 13 artikel relevan yang digunakan dalam review naratif ini, menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM) terhadap Retinopati Diabetik (RD) secara umum masih rendah, meskipun sebagian besar pasien telah menyadari bahwa diabetes dapat memengaruhi kesehatan mata. Banyak pasien belum memahami istilah "Retinopati Diabetik" secara spesifik maupun proses patologinya, yang berdampak pada tertundanya deteksi dini dan penatalaksanaan komplikasi tersebut. Faktor sosial ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, budaya, dan keterbatasan sistem jaminan kesehatan turut berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya pengetahuan ini, terutama di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan kesadaran dan edukasi pasien mengenai faktor risiko, pentingnya pemeriksaan mata rutin, serta tata laksana retinopati diabetik sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah kebutaan akibat komplikasi diabetes.References
Ahmed, M. I. M., Elgasim, M. A., Mohamed, M. A., et al. (2021). Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Sudanese Patients, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2018. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences.
Ainiah, A. D., Novriansyah, Z. K., Purnama, R., dkk. (2024). Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 terhadap Retinopati Diabetik. PREPOTIF: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat.
Al-Eryani, S. A., Al-Shamahi, E. Y., et al. (2023). Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients in Sana’a City, Yemen. Annals of Clinical Case Reports.
Alqahtani, T. F., Alqarehi, R., Mulla, O. M., et al. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Eye Management Among Diabetics in Saudi Arabia. Cureus.
Azmi, I., Ariffin, F., Ramalingam, M., et al. (2025). Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients in Community Ophthalmology Clinics, Brunei Darussalam. Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Research.
Burhan, A. P., Kusumawardhani, S. I., & Hasan. (2024). Literatur Review: Faktor-Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Retinopati Diabetik. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai.
D. Pratiwi, M. D. Izhar, & M. Syukri. (2022). Data Riskesdas 2018 Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Factors in Jambi Province: Secondary Data Analysis of Basic Health Survey 2018. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas.
Dinsa, F., Aga, F., & Gela, D. (2025). Factors Associated with Knowledge of Diabetic Retinopathy among Adults with Diabetes on Follow-up Care at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare.
Duan, F., Zheng, Y., Zhao, Q., Huang, Z., Wu, Y., Zhou, G., & Chen, X. (2020). Knowledge and Practices Regarding Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients Registered in a Chronic Disease Management System in Eastern China.PLoS ONE, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234733
Huq, M. S., Islam, W., Janiec, K., et al. (2025). Diabetic Retinopathy Awareness and Knowledge among Diabetic Patients in Northern Bangladesh. Romanian Society of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases.
Laudya, L., Prasetyo, A., & Widyoningsih. (2021). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Komplikasi Diabetes Melitus dengan Pencegahan Komplikasi pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus di Puskesmas Cilacap Selatan I. Jurnal Kesehatan Al-Irsyad.
Mepurathu, J. J., & Grover, S. (2023). Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy in People Living with Diabetes Mellitus (PLWD): A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Science and Research Archive.
Mersha, G. A., Alimaw, Y. A., & Woredekal, A. T., et al. (2021). Awareness and Knowledge of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients at a General Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. SAGE Open Medicine.
Nwanyanwu, K. M. J. H., Nunez-Smith, M., Gardner, T. W., & Desai, M. M. (2021). Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy: Insight from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 61(6), 900–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.018
Owusu-Afriyie, B., Caleb, A., et al. (2022). Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients Seeking Eye Care Services in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Hindawi Journal of Ophthalmology.
Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa di Indonesia 2021. (2021). Global Initiative for Asthma (hal. 46). www.ginasthma.org.
Ramadhan, M. D. C., Kusumawardhani, S. I., Novriansyah, Z. K., et al. (2024). Tingkat Pengetahuan Penderita Diabetes Melitus dan Hipertensi terhadap Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Kebutaan di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar Tahun 2023–2024. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research.
Risviani, D., Decroli, E., & Arisanty, D. (2025). Gambaran Faktor Risiko Retinopati Diabetik pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil. Jurnal Riset Ilmiah.
Singh, A., Tripathi, A., et al. (2022). Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Visiting a Hospital of North India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.
Thapa, R., Sharma, S., Thakali, S., et al. (2025). Adherence to Diabetic Retinopathy Care and Barriers to Service Utilization in Nepal. BMC Ophthalmology.
Trisera, O., Himayani, R., dkk. (2024). Retinopati Diabetik yang Mengancam Penglihatan. Medula.
Vasudevan, S., Alajlan, A. H., et al. (2024). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients in Central Province of Saudi Arabia: A Hospital-Based Prospective and Cross-Sectional Study. The African Journal of Biomedical Research.
Zaini, L. M., Kartasasmita, A. S., Gondhowiardjo, T. D., et al. (2024). Clinical Characteristics and Knowledge of Diabetic Retinopathy Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Aceh, Indonesia. African Vision and Eye Health Journal.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 St. Fatimah, Hanna Aulia Namirah, Muhammadong Muhammadong, Hikmah Hiromi R. Datu, Sarina Mandella Rumlawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
