INFEKSI KRONIK SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO AMPUTASI PADA ULKUS DIABETIK : LITERATUR REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.50988Keywords:
amputasi, infeksi kronik, ulkus diabetikAbstract
Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronik dengan prevalensi tinggi dan berpotensi menimbulkan komplikasi serius seperti ulkus diabetik. Ulkus diabetik sering menjadi penyebab utama amputasi, terutama bila disertai infeksi kronik yang dapat memperburuk kerusakan jaringan dan meningkatkan risiko penyebaran ke struktur lebih dalam. Penanganan ulkus diabetik terinfeksi masih belum optimal akibat kurangnya pemahaman mengenai proses infeksi kronik, terbatasnya edukasi pasien, serta belum tersedianya protokol standar di sebagian fasilitas kesehatan, sehingga banyak kasus berkembang menjadi infeksi kronik berat hingga berujung pada amputasi. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran infeksi kronik sebagai faktor risiko amputasi pada ulkus diabetik melalui tinjauan berbagai literatur ilmiah. Pencarian artikel dilakukan pada database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar terhadap publikasi tahun 2020–2024 dengan kriteria inklusi berupa artikel berbahasa Inggris atau Indonesia yang membahas ulkus diabetik, infeksi kronik, dan amputasi pada jurnal terakreditasi. Sebanyak sepuluh artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa infeksi kronik secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko amputasi, terutama bila disertai osteomielitis atau necrotizing soft tissue infection. Faktor yang berperan antara lain keterlambatan diagnosis, kontrol glikemik yang buruk, dan resistensi antibiotik, dengan variasi desain studi seperti laporan kasus, studi potong lintang, dan tinjauan sistematis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa infeksi kronik berperan penting dalam meningkatkan risiko amputasi pada ulkus diabetik, sehingga deteksi dini dan penanganan multidisipliner sangat diperlukan untuk menurunkan angka amputasi.References
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