PENGARUH INTERVENSI KOMIK SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGALIHAN KECEMASAN SAAT IMUNISASI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA BIMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.50675Keywords:
Comics, Anxiety, Immunization, Students, Elementary SchoolAbstract
Sebagai intervensi kesehatan masyarakat, imunisasi terbukti ampuh dalam pencegahan penyakit menular, namun prosedur penyuntikan sering menjadi sumber kecemasan bagi anak-anak. Kecemasan tersebut berpotensi mengurangi kepatuhan dan menimbulkan pengalaman medis negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efektivitas media komik edukatif dalam mengurangi kecemasan anak saat imunisasi di sekolah dasar. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimental dengan kelompok kontrol. Sampel adalah 60 siswi sekolah dasar di Kota Bima yang terbagi ke dalam kelompok intervensi (30 siswi), dan kelompok kontrol (30 siswi). Anak pada kelompok intervensi membaca komik edukatif “Jarmino-Pertempuran Melawan Monster Penyakit” sebelum imunisasi, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak mendapat intervensi. Tingkat kecemasan diukur menggunakan Children’s Fear Scale (CFS). Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar kelompok. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok intervensi menunjukkan skor kecemasan lebih rendah (M = 1,23; SD = 0,82; median = 1) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (M = 1,63; SD = 1,03; median = 1). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kedua kelompok (U = 334,5; p = 0,022). Analisis ukuran efek menghasilkan nilai Cohen’s d = -0,43 yang termasuk kategori kecil, menandakan bahwa meskipun intervensi komik efektif menurunkan kecemasan anak secara signifikan, kekuatan efek praktisnya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa media komik edukatif terbukti efektif menurunkan kecemasan anak saat imunisasi secara signifikan. Intervensi ini dapat dijadikan strategi distraksi sederhana, dan ramah anak untuk mendukung keberhasilan program imunisasi di sekolah dasar, dengan peluang pengembangan lebih lanjut agar memberikan dampak yang lebih kuat.References
Abdillah, I. L., Haryanti, F., & Lusmilasari, L. (2024). COVID-19 prevention education using interactive comic and animated videos on the health literacy of school-aged children: Implications for healthcare policy and management. Journal of Healthcare Administration, 3(1), 9-22.
Alotaibi, N., Alzahrani, A., Alkhathami, M., & Alharbi, S. (2021). Virtual reality: Is it helping children cope with fear and pain during vaccination? Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 16(6), 836–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.07.007
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lee, J., Lee, H., & Kim, S. (2023). Active versus passive distraction for reducing procedural pain and anxiety in children: A meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 48(5), 513–525. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsad012
Mansur, A. R., Sari, I. M., Herien, Y., & Neherta, M. (2023). Effectiveness of Education Using Comic Media on Knowledge About Covid-19 Among Elementary School Students. Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 19(4).
McMurtry, C. M., et al. (2016). Children’s fear during procedural pain: Preliminary investigation of the Children’s Fear Scale. Health Psychology, 35(9), 908–915.
McMurtry, C. M., Noel, M., Chambers, C. T., & McGrath, P. J. (2011). Children’s fear during procedural pain: Preliminary investigation of the Children’s Fear Scale. Health Psychology, 30(6), 780–788. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024817
Noor, A., & Rahmawati, F. (2020). Pengaruh media ilustrasi edukatif terhadap kecemasan anak usia sekolah pada prosedur medis. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 23(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v23i1.1045
Nugraheni, R., Wuryaningsih, E. W., & Riyanti, A. (2021). Pengaruh Buku Cerita Edukasi terhadap Kecemasan Anak saat Imunisasi di Posyandu. Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, 16(2), 90–97.
Nur Fauziyah, R. R. (2018). Analisis Data Menggunakan Independent T Test, Dependent T Test dan Analisis of Varian (ANOVA) Test di Bidang Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Klinis. Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Bandung. ISBN: 978-623-91302-1-3
Nur, L. (2024). Pengaruh Komik sebagai Media Promosi Kesehatan terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka. Antigen: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Ilmu Gizi, 2(2), 153-164.
Nur, L. (2024). Pengaruh Komik sebagai Media Promosi Kesehatan terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka. Antigen: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Ilmu Gizi, 2(2), 153-164.
Oktaviani, E., Jawiah.,Rehana., & Imawan Eko Setiyono. (2024). Pengembangan Media Edukasi Buku Komik tentang Covid-19 untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING).
Sarah, A., Praveen Raj, J. D., Kompithra, R. Z., Mathew, L. G., Angelin, S., & John, H. B. (2023). Stories to Take the Edge Off Pain During Immunization for Preschoolers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 77(3), 7703205120.
Soares, A., Santos, A. B. M. V. D., Vieira, T. S. D., Xavier, B. L. D. Q., Lucas, R. J. D. L., & Oliveira, Â.G. R. D. C. (2024). Use of comics in the promotion of school children’s health: a scoping review. Frontiers in Communication, 9, 1439329.
Sugiyono. (2021). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Taddio, A., Alderman, L., Freedman, T.. (2019). The CARD™ System for improving the vaccination experience at school: Results of a small-scale implementation project on program delivery. Paediatrics & Child Health, 24(Supplement_1), S54-S67.
Taddio, A., Freedman, T., Wong, H., McMurtry, C. M., MacDonald, N., Ilersich, A. N., ... & McDowall,
World Health Organization. Immunization coverage. Key Facts 2024; Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage
Yıldız, T., Kardaş Özdemir, F., & Topçu, S. (2022). The effect of distraction methods used before the COVID-19 test on the fear and anxiety levels of children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 62, e44–e51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.12.015
Zhang, Y., Li, J., Chen, X., & Wang, L. (2024). Application of magic distraction therapy for the alleviation of dental fear and anxiety in children younger than 12 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 48(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22514/jocpd.2024.145
Zhou, H., Zhang, X., & Lin, Y. (2023). The effect of visual and/or auditory distraction techniques on children’s pain, anxiety and medical fear: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 70, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2023.06.004
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Cahyadin Cahyadin, Hanafi Hanafi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
