EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI KOMPLEMENTER DALAM MENGURANGI NYERI DAN ANSIETAS PASCA OPERASI: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i3.49239Keywords:
Terapi Komplementer, Nyeri Pasca Operasi, Ansietas Pasca Operasi, Pijat, Aromaterapi, Terapi Musik, Teknik RelaksasiAbstract
Nyeri dan ansietas merupakan dua kondisi yang paling sering dialami oleh pasien setelah menjalani tindakan pembedahan. Kedua gejala ini tidak hanya menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman secara fisik, tetapi juga berdampak terhadap aspek psikologis pasien. Nyeri pasca operasi dapat menghambat mobilisasi dini, memperlambat proses penyembuhan luka, serta meningkatkan risiko komplikasi seperti infeksi dan gangguan hemodinamik. Sementara itu, ansietas dapat memengaruhi respons fisiologis tubuh, termasuk peningkatan tekanan darah, denyut jantung, dan kadar hormon stres, yang pada akhirnya memperburuk kondisi pasca operasi. Selama ini, terapi farmakologis seperti pemberian analgesik dan sedatif merupakan metode utama dalam pengendalian nyeri dan ansietas. Namun, penggunaan obat-obatan tersebut tidak terlepas dari berbagai keterbatasan, antara lain risiko efek samping, toleransi, hingga potensi ketergantungan jangka panjang. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan pendekatan lain yang lebih aman dan berorientasi pada kesejahteraan pasien secara menyeluruh. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, terapi komplementer dan alternatif mulai banyak digunakan sebagai strategi non-farmakologis untuk membantu menurunkan intensitas nyeri dan ansietas pada pasien pasca operasi. Bentuk terapi tersebut antara lain pijat, aromaterapi, terapi musik, akupunktur, dan teknik relaksasi seperti pernapasan dalam atau meditasi. Mekanisme kerja terapi ini melibatkan stimulasi sistem saraf parasimpatis, peningkatan sirkulasi darah, serta pelepasan endorfin yang berperan dalam menurunkan persepsi nyeri dan memberikan efek tenang. Dengan demikian, penerapan terapi komplementer diharapkan mampu menjadi metode pendukung yang efektif, aman, dan holistik dalam meningkatkan kenyamanan serta kualitas pemulihan pasien pasca operasi.References
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