ANEMIA PADA PEREMPUAN DAN REMAJA PUTRI TINJAUAN MULTIDIMENSIONAL ATAS DETERMINAN GIZI, SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI DI BERBAGAI KONTEKS GLOBAL : LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.47606Keywords:
Anemia defisiensi besi, Remaja putri, Perempuan usia reproduktif,, Status giziAbstract
Anemia, khususnya anemia defisiensi besi (ADB), masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan gizi utama yang berdampak besar terhadap perempuan usia reproduktif dan remaja putri, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Kondisi ini tidak hanya mencerminkan kekurangan asupan zat besi, tetapi juga menjadi cerminan dari ketimpangan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang memengaruhi akses terhadap pangan bergizi, pendidikan, serta layanan kesehatan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis prevalensi, determinan, serta dampak anemia melalui pendekatan tinjauan pustaka berbasis PRISMA. Literatur dikumpulkan dari lima basis data utama, yakni PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, dan Google Scholar, dengan kriteria inklusi artikel terbit dalam rentang 2020–2025, menggunakan desain kuantitatif, dan fokus pada populasi remaja putri serta perempuan usia 10–49 tahun. Dari 420 artikel yang diidentifikasi, sebanyak 10 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi anemia sangat bervariasi, mulai dari 8,5% hingga lebih dari 60%, tergantung pada konteks geografis dan kelompok yang diteliti. Faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap anemia mencakup asupan gizi yang tidak adekuat, durasi menstruasi, status sosial ekonomi, pendidikan, otonomi perempuan, serta kebiasaan diet yang menghambat penyerapan zat besi. Selain dampak fisiologis, anemia juga memengaruhi aspek kognitif, psikososial, dan kualitas hidup remaja putri. Oleh karena itu, penanggulangan anemia harus dilakukan secara multidimensi melalui intervensi berbasis bukti, yang mencakup edukasi gizi, skrining dini, pemberdayaan perempuan, dan penguatan kebijakan kesehatan yang responsif terhadap konteks lokal dan kesetaraan gender.References
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