TENSION PNEUMOCEPHALUS PADA CEDERA KEPALA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.47227Keywords:
mount fuji sign, pneumocephalus, tension pneumocephalusAbstract
Pneumocephalus, yang juga dikenal sebagai pneumatocele atau aerocele intrakranial, merupakan kondisi patologis akibat keberadaan udara di dalam kompartemen intrakranial seperti ruang epidural, subdural, subaraknoid, parenkim serebral, atau ventrikel otak. Etiologi pneumocephalus dapat bersifat traumatik, infeksius, neoplastik, iatrogenik, maupun terjadi secara spontan. Salah satu mekanisme yang umum diterima dalam patogenesis kondisi ini adalah teori katup satu arah (one-way ball valve), yang memungkinkan udara masuk namun terperangkap di dalam rongga intrakranial. Bila udara tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial, maka kondisi ini disebut sebagai tension pneumocephalus. Ciri khas radiologis dari tension pneumocephalus pada pemeriksaan CT kepala adalah adanya gambaran Mount Fuji sign. Dilaporkan kasus seorang pria berusia 49 tahun yang datang ke RSUD Ciawi dengan keluhan nyeri kepala yang terus-menerus, penurunan kesadaran, mual, muntah, rhinorea, sejak dua hari sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Tidak ditemukan defisit neurologis fokal pada ekstremitas. Pasien memiliki riwayat trauma kepala akibat tertimpa ranting pohon dua hari sebelumnya. Hasil CT scan kepala menunjukkan pneumoencephalus pada regio bifrontal. Diagnosis ditegakkan sebagai tension pneumocephalus regio frontal dextra et sinistra disertai fraktur basis cranii. Pasien menjalani prosedur kraniotomi dan pemasangan external ventricular drainage (EVD) sebagai penanganan. Kata kunci: Pneumocephalus, Tension Pneumocephalus, Mount Fuji SignReferences
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