LITERATURE REVIEW : PENGARUH PIJAT ES DAN PENGGUNAAN GEL LIDOKAIN UNTUK MENGURANGI NYERI VASKULARISASI PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.47117Keywords:
Hemodialisis, nyeri vaskularisasi, pijat es, gel lidokainAbstract
Nyeri akibat kanulasi fistula arteriovenosa (AVF) merupakan masalah utama pada pasien hemodialisis yang berdampak pada kenyamanan serta kepatuhan terhadap terapi. Pengelolaan nyeri selama prosedur vaskularisasi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien gagal ginjal kronik. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pijat es dan gel lidokain dalam mengurangi nyeri selama insersi AVF pada pasien hemodialisis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Literature review dari berbagai database jurnal nasional dan internasional yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020-2025, menggunakan kata kunci “hemodialisis”, “pijat es”, dan “lidokain gel”. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kedua intervensi tersebut efektif menurunkan intensitas nyeri secara signifikan. Pijat es bekerja melalui stimulasi titik akupresur, mekanisme gate control, serta pelepasan peptida opioid endogen, sedangkan gel lidokain menghambat transmisi impuls nyeri melalui blokade saluran natrium. Efektivitas kedua metode relatif setara, tanpa perbedaan signifikan secara statistik, sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif sesuai preferensi pasien dan ketersediaan sumber daya. Kesimpulannya, baik pijat es maupun gel lidokain merupakan intervensi nonfarmakologis yang mudah, murah, dan minim risiko untuk mengurangi nyeri kanulasi AVF pada pasien hemodialisis. Implikasi praktisnya, tenaga kesehatan disarankan untuk mempertimbangkan kedua metode ini guna meningkatkan kenyamanan dan kepuasan pasien selama terapi hemodialisis.References
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