ORAL HYGIENE PASIEN ICU ON VENTILATOR : LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.47103Keywords:
ICU, oral hygiene, Ventilator MekanikAbstract
Pasien yang dirawat di ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU) cenderung mengalami gangguan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan Activities of Daily Living (ADL), salah satunya adalah kebutuhan akan perawatan kebersihan mulut atau oral hygiene. Gangguan ini umumnya terjadi karena kondisi pasien yang tidak sadar atau memiliki keterbatasan fisik, terutama pada pasien yang terpasang ventilator. Dalam kondisi tersebut, pasien sangat membutuhkan bantuan dari tenaga perawat untuk menjaga kebersihan mulutnya agar tetap bersih dan terhindar dari infeksi, termasuk risiko terjadinya Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) yang merupakan komplikasi umum pada pasien ICU dengan penggunaan ventilator mekanik.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pendekatan pencarian data melalui beberapa basis data ilmiah seperti ResearchGate, PubMed, dan ANJ. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian literatur meliputi "oral hygiene", “intensive care unit”, “ICU”, “unconscious patient”, “mechanical ventilator”, dan “ventilator”. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran dan analisis literatur, ditemukan bahwa perawatan kebersihan mulut terbukti efektif dalam mencegah terjadinya VAP, terutama jika menggunakan bahan yang memiliki kandungan antibakteri dan antiseptik.Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian oral hygiene secara rutin dan menggunakan bahan yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan serta membunuh bakteri, sangat penting dilakukan pada pasien ICU yang menggunakan ventilator. Perawatan ini menjadi bagian krusial dalam upaya pencegahan infeksi sekunder yang dapat memperburuk kondisi pasien.References
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