STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN HIPOTENSI SPINAL PADA PASIEN SECTIO CAESAREA: PENDEKATAN FARMAKOLOGIS DAN NON-FARMAKOLOGIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.46991Keywords:
anastesi, epilepsi, farmakologis, hipotensi spinal, sectio caesareaAbstract
Hipotensi pasca anestesi spinal adalah komplikasi umum yang dapat terjadi selama prosedur Sectio caesarea, yang disebabkan oleh blokade simpatis yang mengarah pada vasodilatasi perifer dan penurunan aliran darah kembali ke jantung. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai metode pencegahan hipotensi pasca anestesi spinal pada pasien yang menjalani Sectio caesarea, serta membandingkan efektivitas pendekatan farmakologis dan non-farmakologis dalam mengelola hipotensi intraoperatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengkaji literatur yang tersedia mengenai pencegahan hipotensi pada anestesi spinal, termasuk penggunaan vasopressor seperti fenilefrin dan norepinefrin, serta teknik non-farmakologis seperti kompresi tungkai bawah dan pergeseran manual uterus. Metode farmakologis seperti pemberian bolus norepinefrin dan fenilefrin efektif dalam mencegah hipotensi pasca anestesi spinal. Norepinefrin, yang bekerja pada reseptor α-adrenergik dan β-adrenergik, memberikan efek positif dengan sedikit menurunkan denyut jantung, sementara fenilefrin lebih selektif pada reseptor α-adrenergik dan menyebabkan vasokonstriksi. Metode non-farmakologis, seperti kompresi tungkai bawah dan pergeseran manual uterus, juga terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan tekanan darah dengan meningkatkan aliran balik vena ke jantung dan mengurangi kompresi vena cava inferior. Pencegahan hipotensi pasca anestesi spinal pada seksio sesarea dapat dilakukan secara efektif dengan kombinasi pendekatan farmakologis dan non-farmakologis.References
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