OBESITAS DAN CKD (CHRONIC KIDNESY DISEASE) ANAK, IMPLIKASI KARDIOVASKULAR, PSIKOSOSIAL DAN NUTRISI DALAM TINJAUAN MULTIDISIPLIN : LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.46827Keywords:
anak, obesitas, CKD, Pendekatan MultidisiplinerAbstract
Obesitas pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang terus meningkat dan dikaitkan dengan berbagai komplikasi sistemik, termasuk penyakit ginjal kronik (Chronic Kidney Disease/CKD). Hubungan antara obesitas dan CKD pada anak melibatkan mekanisme kompleks seperti inflamasi kronis, hiperfiltrasi glomerulus, resistensi insulin, serta akumulasi lemak viseral yang berdampak nefrotoksik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara obesitas dan CKD pada anak, serta mengkaji implikasinya dari aspek kardiovaskular, gizi, dan psikososial melalui pendekatan multidisipliner. Penelitian ini merupakan systematic literature review yang dilakukan dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis melalui database PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar untuk artikel yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Kriteria inklusi mencakup studi observasional, uji klinis, atau pendekatan genetik yang membahas hubungan obesitas dan CKD pada anak. Delapan artikel yang memenuhi kriteria dianalisis secara naratif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa obesitas berhubungan erat dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal, hipertensi tersembunyi, perubahan struktur organ, serta peningkatan risiko kardiovaskular. Parameter seperti fat mass index (FMI) dan elastografi ginjal lebih sensitif daripada BMI konvensional. Selain itu, aspek psikososial seperti dukungan keluarga dan status sosial ekonomi turut memengaruhi luaran kesehatan anak. Penanganan obesitas dan CKD pada anak membutuhkan pendekatan integratif yang mencakup aspek klinis, nutrisi, psikososial, dan kebijakan kesehatan berbasis bukti.References
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