PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN DM TIPE 2 PADA MAHASISWA BERDASARKAN TEORI HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.46783Keywords:
perilaku pencegahan, diabetes melitus tipe 2, gaya hidup, mahasiswa, health belief modelAbstract
Prevalensi Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2 terus meningkat secara nasional, termasuk di Kota Kupang,bahkan pada kelompok usia muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku pencegahanDM tipe 2 pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Nusa Cendana denganmenggunakan pendekatan Health Belief Model (HBM). Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan desainfenomenologis dengan enam informan dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkanmelalui wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasebagian besar informan telah melakukan perilaku pencegahan seperti mengurangi konsumsimakanan/minuman manis serta melakukan aktivitas fisik ringan. Namun, perilaku ini belum konsistendan masih disertai kebiasaan negatif seperti makan dan tidur larut malam. Persepsi kerentanan munculpada informan yang memiliki riwayat keluarga atau pola hidup tidak teratur, namun minim pada yangmerasa sehat. DM tipe 2 dipandang sebagai penyakit serius dengan dampak fisik, psikologis, sosial, danfinansial. Pola hidup sehat dirasa memberi manfaat jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Persepsihambatan meliputi hambatan internal dan eksternal. Cues to action seperti materi kuliah danpengalaman keluarga berperan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran. Self efficiacy bervariasi antar informan.Kesimpulannya, meskipun banyak informan menyadari pentingnya pencegahan, namun faktorpenghambat internal/eksternal dapat menurunkan niat untuk bertindak. Karena itu, agar perilakupencegahan bisa terus berlanjut, diperlukan keyakinan diri yang tinggi dan manfaat jangka pendek yangbisa langsung dirasakan dari perilaku pencegahan yang dilakukan. Temuan ini menekankan perlunyapenguatan efikasi diri yang dapat dilakukan dengan membangun kembali motivasi personal sertamembuat kelompok teman sebaya yang dapat mendukung pola hidup sehat satu sama lain.References
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