OPTIMIZING NUTRITIONAL INTAKE TO MITIGATE FRAILTY : A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON DIET, MUSCLE LOSS, AND PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.46387Keywords:
asupan nutrisi, frailty, komposisi tubuh, lansia, status giziAbstract
Frailty merupakan sindrom klinis geriatri yang ditandai oleh penurunan cadangan fisiologis dan ketahanan terhadap stresor, yang menyebabkan peningkatan kerentanan terhadap disabilitas, meningatnya lama rawat inap, dan kematian. Faktor nutrisi memainkan peran krusial dalam patogenesis dan progresivitas sindrom ini. Asupan protein yang tidak adekuat, defisiensi mikronutrien, dan perubahan komposisi tubuh, khususnya kehilangan massa otot rangka dan peningkatan lemak viseral, berkontribusi pada gangguan fungsi otot dan sarcopenia. Proses inflamasi kronis dan stres oksidatif memperparah kerusakan otot, mempercepat penurunan fungsi fisik. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara asupan nutrisi, status gizi, komposisi tubuh, dan kelemahan fisik pada lansia. Pencarian artikel dilakukan secara sistematis pada database PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar untuk publikasi antara Januari 2020 hingga Desember 2024. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa intervensi nutrisi, terutama peningkatan asupan protein dan pola makan antiinflamasi, berpotensi mempertahankan massa otot dan menurunkan risiko frailty. Selain itu, pemantauan dini terhadap status gizi dan komposisi tubuh sangat penting dalam upaya preventif. Heterogenitas metodologis dan variasi definisi menjadi tantangan dalam penerapan klinis. Oleh karena itu, integrasi penilaian gizi, evaluasi fungsional, dan pendekatan interdisipliner diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan strategi pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan frailty pada populasi lanjut usia.References
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