LEAN AND SIX SIGMA IMPLEMENTATION IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY SETTING: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.46337Keywords:
Hospital Pharmacy, Implementation, Lean, Quality_Improvement, Six_sigmaAbstract
Lean dan Six Sigma merupakan pendekatan manajemen mutu yang telah banyak diadopsi di sektor pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk di instalasi farmasi rumah sakit, guna meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas pelayanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau dan mengidentifikasi metodologi yang digunakan, intervensi yang diterapkan, serta dampak implementasi Lean dan Six Sigma terhadap berbagai indikator kinerja di lingkungan farmasi rumah sakit. Tinjauan sistematis dilakukan menggunakan tiga database utama, yaitu Scopus, PubMed, dan Science Direct, dengan kata kunci “Lean” ATAU “Six Sigma” DAN “Farmasi”, serta mengikuti pedoman PRISMA. Dari 54 artikel yang teridentifikasi, 11 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan lima metodologi implementasi, dengan metode DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) sebagai yang paling dominan. Sebanyak 40 intervensi ditemukan dalam studi terpilih dan diklasifikasikan ke dalam enam kategori utama, dengan tiga intervensi paling umum meliputi pengembangan proses atau sistem baru, penyediaan alat atau instrumen, dan perancangan ulang tata letak. Evaluasi dampak menggunakan lima kategori indikator utama menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Lean dan Six Sigma secara umum berdampak positif, seperti penurunan waktu layanan, pengurangan kesalahan pengobatan dan biaya, serta peningkatan kualitas, volume produksi, dan kepuasan pasien. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan di berbagai konteks farmasi rumah sakit untuk mengeksplorasi indikator-indikator lain yang relevan.References
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