FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PELAPORAN INSIDEN KESELAMATAN PASIEN: TINJAUAN STUDI NASIONAL DAN INTERNASIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.46248Keywords:
keselamatan pasien, pelaporan insiden, budaya keselamatan, sistem pelaporan, manajemen rumah sakitAbstract
Keselamatan pasien merupakan prioritas global dalam pelayanan kesehatan, dimana tingkat pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien menjadi salah satu indikator pentingnya. Namun, pelaporan ini sering terhambat oleh berbagai faktor seperti ketakutan terhadap sanksi, ketidakjelasan prosedur, dan kurangnya dukungan manajemen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review (SLR) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dimana artikel-artikel dikumpulkan dari basis data PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar untuk periode 2010–2024. Seleksi ketat menghasilkan 10 artikel ilmiah relevan yang dianalisis menggunakan sintesis tematik berdasarkan faktor individu, sistem, dan organisasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan tiga tema utama, yaitu faktor individu seperti pengetahuan, ketakutan, dan motivasi; faktor sistemik seperti kompleksitas pelaporan dan beban kerja; serta faktor organisasi seperti budaya keselamatan, dukungan manajerial, pelatihan, dan umpan balik. Dukungan manajemen, sistem pelaporan yang mudah diakses, dan pelatihan berkelanjutan terbukti meningkatkan pelaporan, sementara ketakutan terhadap hukuman dan keraguan terhadap efektivitas sistem menjadi penghambat utama. Simpulan dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan insiden keselamatan pasien dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor individu, sistem, dan organisasi sehingga intervensi menyeluruh diperlukan untuk mengatasi hambatan serta memperkuat faktor pendukung dalam membangun budaya keselamatan pasien yang lebih baik.References
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