FAKTOR PENYEBAB KETERLAMBATAN WAKTU TINGGAL PASIEN DI DEPARTEMEN GAWAT DARURAT : STUDI LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.46082Keywords:
Faktor Penyebab, Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD, Length of Stay (LOS), Waktu Tinggal PasienAbstract
Keterlambatan waktu tinggal pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) merupakan indikator penting dalam menilai kualitas dan efisiensi pelayanan rumah sakit. Waktu tinggal yang terlalu lama dapat menurunkan kepuasan pasien, meningkatkan risiko klinis, dan menambah beban kerja tenaga kesehatan. Kajian ini mengulas 11 artikel nasional dan internasional dari tahun 2020 hingga 2024 untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan waktu tinggal pasien di IGD berdasarkan klasifikasi input, throughput, dan output. Faktor input meliputi karakteristik pasien seperti usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat kegawatan, serta akses transportasi yang mempengaruhi lama pasien di IGD. Faktor throughput mencakup proses internal rumah sakit seperti triase, pemeriksaan penunjang, dan konsultasi medis yang dapat mempercepat atau memperlambat penanganan pasien. Sementara itu, faktor output didominasi oleh ketersediaan tempat tidur dan sistem pemindahan pasien ke ruang perawatan lanjut. Beberapa studi juga menyoroti pentingnya pelatihan sumber daya manusia dan peran pengetahuan keluarga pasien dalam mempercepat proses pelayanan. Keseluruhan temuan menunjukkan bahwa keterlambatan waktu tinggal di IGD bersifat multidimensi dan memerlukan pendekatan sistemik untuk menguranginya. Oleh karena itu, intervensi berbasis teknologi informasi, optimalisasi alur layanan, serta edukasi masyarakat perlu diintegrasikan dalam strategi manajemen IGD yang berkelanjutan guna meningkatkan efisiensi dan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit.References
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