MULTIDISPLINER TERHADAP FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION / CUTTING (FGM/C) IMPLIKASI MEDIS, PSIKOSOSIAL DAN BUDAYA : LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.46047Keywords:
female genital mutilation, female genital cutting, FGM/C, kesehatan perempuanAbstract
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) adalah praktik tradisional berbahaya yang masih tersebar luas di berbagai negara, khususnya di Afrika Sub-Sahara, Timur Tengah dan Asia Selatan. Praktik ini tidak hanya melanggar hak asasi manusia, tetapi juga membawa konsekuensi serius terhadap kesehatan fisik, psikologis, seksual dan sosial perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis berbagai studi terkait FGM/C dari perspektif multidisipliner guna memahami dampak dan strategi pencegahannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA, dengan penelusuran data dari empat basis data utama: PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar untuk periode 2020–2025. Dari 350 artikel awal, hanya 9 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa FGM/C berkontribusi pada disfungsi seksual, trauma psikologis, komplikasi obstetrik, serta kematian berlebih pada anak perempuan. Selain itu, beban ekonomi yang ditimbulkan terhadap sistem kesehatan sangat signifikan, dengan proyeksi mencapai miliaran dolar jika praktik ini tidak dihentikan. Tantangan utama dalam penghapusan FGM/C adalah kuatnya norma sosial dan budaya yang melanggengkan praktik ini, serta rendahnya kesiapan tenaga kesehatan dalam mendeteksi dan menangani kasus FGM/C, terutama di negara dengan komunitas migran. Studi juga menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan yang empatik dan berbasis komunitas, seperti komunikasi berpusat pada pasien, dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan mengubah persepsi terhadap FGM/C. Kesimpulannya, eliminasi FGM/C membutuhkan strategi lintas sektor yang melibatkan intervensi hukum, edukasi, pendekatan budaya, serta pemberdayaan perempuan dan komunitas secara berkelanjutan.References
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