STIGMA MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL, KLINIS DAN PSIKOLOGIS PADA KUALITAS HIDUP PENYINTAS TUBERKULOSIS (TB) : LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.45842Keywords:
Penyintas TB, Post TB, Stigma Sosial, TuberkulosisAbstract
Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit menular yang hingga kini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat global. Meskipun pengobatan TB dinyatakan berhasil secara klinis, banyak penyintas TB tetap mengalami dampak jangka panjang yang signifikan, baik secara fisik, psikologis, maupun sosial. Salah satu tantangan utama yang dihadapi penyintas TB adalah stigma dari masyarakat yang dapat memperburuk kualitas hidup dan menghambat proses pemulihan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis dampak stigma masyarakat terhadap kondisi sosial, klinis, dan psikologis penyintas TB serta pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA. Data dikumpulkan dari empat basis data ilmiah (Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, dan Science Direct) dengan rentang tahun 2020–2025. Dari total 150 artikel yang ditemukan, delapan artikel dipilih setelah melalui proses penyaringan dan penilaian kelayakan. Sintesis data menunjukkan bahwa stigma terhadap TB muncul dalam berbagai bentuk, termasuk pengucilan sosial, diskriminasi, dan hambatan dalam mengakses layanan kesehatan. Stigma berdampak negatif terhadap kepatuhan pasien terhadap pengobatan, menurunkan keberhasilan terapi, serta meningkatkan beban psikologis seperti kecemasan, rasa malu, dan ketakutan. Perempuan dan kelompok dengan pendidikan rendah merupakan pihak yang paling terdampak. Selain itu, tidak tersedianya kebijakan rehabilitasi pasca-TB secara komprehensif memperburuk kondisi penyintas. Penanganan TB harus mencakup pendekatan multidimensi yang melibatkan edukasi masyarakat, dukungan psikososial, serta penguatan kebijakan berbasis bukti guna mengurangi stigma dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup penyintas TB.References
Abbas Ali, M., Gupta, V., Divakar Addanki, R. N., Mannava, A. S., & Parashar, K. D. (2024). “A cross-sectional study to assess stigma associated with tuberculosis in patients, family members, and health care staff in central India.” Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 71(S2), S237–S244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.04.001
Allwood, B. W., Nightingale, R., Agbota, G., Auld, S., Bisson, G. P., Byrne, A., Dunn, R., Evans, D., Hoddinott, G., Günther, G., Islam, Z., Johnston, J. C., Kalyatanda, G., Khosa, C., Marais, S., Makanda, G., Mashedi, O. M., Meghji, J., Mitnick, C., Mulder, C., Nkereuwem, E., Nkereuwem, O., Ozoh, O. B., Rachow, A., Romanowski, K., Seddon, J. A., Schoeman, I., Thienemann, F., Walker, N. F., Wademan, D. T., Wallis, R., & van der Zalm, M. M. (2024). Perspectives from the 2 nd International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium: mobilising advocacy and research for improved outcomes . Ijtld Open, 1(3), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtldopen.23.0619
Almeida, C. P. B. de, Furin, J. J., Sumiya, A., Silva, D. R., & Mitnick, C. D. (2024). “You find yourself in a very humiliating situation”: experiences of people living with post-tuberculosis lung disease in Brazil. Frontiers in Public Health, 12(December), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1431881
Gonçalves, M. C., de Aguiar, A. A. S., Biadola, A. P., Mazaro, P. J. M., Rodrigues, M. V. P., do Prado, R. L., & Peresi-Lordelo, E. (2023). Factors affecting successful antituberculosis treatment: a single-center experience. Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira, 69(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20221054
Huq, K. A. T. M. E., Moriyama, M., Krause, D., Shirin, H., Awoonor-Willaims, J. K., Rahman, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2022). Perceptions, Attitudes, Experiences and Opinions of Tuberculosis Associated Stigma: A Qualitative Study of the Perspectives among the Bolgatanga Municipality People of Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214998
Karanja, S., Malenga, T., Mphande, J., Squire, S. B., Muhwa, J. C., Tomeny, E. M., Rosu, L., Mulupi, S., Wingfield, T., Zulu, E., & Meghji, J. (2022). Stakeholder perspectives around post-TB wellbeing and care in Kenya and Malawi. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(9 September), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000510
Koontalay, A., Suksatan, W., & Prabsangob, K. (2021). “I am afraid that others will feel scared and disgusted with me. So, I will keep it a secret until I die”: A qualitative study among patients with tuberculosis receiving DOTS regimen in Thailand. Belitung Nursing Journal, 7(6), 516–521. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.1678
Meghji, J., Gunsaru, V., Chinoko, B., Joekes, E., Banda, N. P. K., Marozva, N., Rylance, J., Squire, S. B., Mortimer, K., & Lesosky, M. (2024). Screening for post-TB lung disease at TB treatment completion: Are symptoms sufficient? PLOS Global Public Health, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002659
Nkereuwem, O., Nkereuwem, E., Owolabi, O., Johm, P., Egere, U., Mortimer, K., Kampmann, B., & Togun, T. (2023). Perspectives of TB survivors and policymakers on post-TB disability. Public Health Action, 13(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.22.0050
Pontali, E., & Centis, R. (2024). TB survivors: why curing TB is sometimes not enough. IJTLD Open, 1(12), 531–532. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0530
Saha, A., Kumar, A., Jain, A., Pratibha, & Ranjan, R. (2024). Cross-cultural reliability of Van Rie TB perceived Stigma Scale among TB survivors in North India. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 71(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2024.08.009
Sastypratiwi, H., & Nyoto, R. D. (2020). Analisis Data Artikel Sistem Pakar Menggunakan Metode Systematic Review. Jurnal Edukasi Dan Penelitian Informatika (JEPIN), 6(2), 250. https://doi.org/10.26418/jp.v6i2.40914
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Normin Panto, Aderina Perabu, Widya Brahmana, Sudirman Sudirman, Ahmad Yani, Finta Amalinda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
