PREVALENCE OF SCOLIOSIS AND LIMB LENGTH DISCREPANCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS : A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN SURABAYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.44178Keywords:
panjang tungkai, postur tubuh, remaja, skoliosisAbstract
Skoliosis merupakan kelainan bentuk tulang belakang yang dapat terjadi pada remaja dan berhubungan dengan ketidakseimbangan panjang tungkai bawah. Gangguan ini dapat menyebabkan adaptasi postural yang berpotensi memicu keluhan muskuloskeletal jangka panjang. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi skoliosis dan hubungannya dengan ketidakseimbangan panjang tungkai bawah pada remaja sekolah menengah atas di Surabaya. Sebanyak 276 siswa berusia 14–19 tahun menjalani skrining menggunakan Adam’s Forward Bending Test untuk mendeteksi skoliosis. Responden yang menunjukkan hasil positif kemudian menjalani pemeriksaan lanjutan menggunakan Tes Galeazzi untuk menilai ketidakseimbangan panjang femur dan tibia, serta dilakukan pengukuran panjang tungkai sebenarnya dan semu guna membedakan kelainan struktural dan fungsional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi skoliosis sebesar 17,4%, dengan proporsi tertinggi pada kelompok usia 17 tahun. Pemeriksaan Galeazzi menunjukkan adanya ketidakseimbangan tibia pada 29,2% dan femur pada 22,9% dari kasus skoliosis. Pengukuran panjang tungkai semu menunjukkan derajat asimetri yang lebih besar dibandingkan pengukuran panjang sebenarnya, yang mengindikasikan bahwa ketidakseimbangan postural memberikan pengaruh lebih besar dibandingkan perbedaan struktural tulang. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa skoliosis pada masa remaja berkaitan erat dengan adaptasi fungsional ekstremitas bawah akibat gangguan postur. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemeriksaan yang mencakup evaluasi tulang belakang dan tungkai bawah untuk deteksi secara dini pada populasi remaja.References
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