STUNTING SAAT BALITA SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS DI KEMUDIAN HARI : TINJAUAN LITERATUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i1.43488Keywords:
balita, diabetes melitus, stuntingAbstract
Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh akibat kekurangan gizi kronis, terutama pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan. Kekurangan gizi ini menyebabkan perubahan permanen pada metabolisme tubuh, termasuk cara tubuh memproses glukosa dan insulin. Stunting saat balita memberikan dampak jangka panjang berupa resistensi insulin yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan risiko diabetes melitus saat dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah dampak stunting saat balita terhadap risiko diabetes melitus di kemudian hari dari berbagai penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan literatur yang menggunakan metode PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparators and Outcome) dengan menelusuri basis data elektronik yaitu Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus dan Google Scholar serta dengan hand searching pada penelitian relevan lainnya. Tiga artikel didapatkan setelah melalui tahapan inklusi dan eksklusi yang ditetapkan. Hasil telaah menunjukkan adanya hubungan stunting saat balita dengan risiko diabetes melitus saat usia remaja dan dewasa. Akan tetapi, dua studi yang dilakukan di Brazil menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik. Pada balita yang stunting, respons tubuh terhadap insulin menjadi tidak optimal, sehingga produksi insulin meningkat seiring waktu, yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya diabetes melitus dalam jangka panjang. Hasil ini memperkuat bahwa pencegahan stunting sangat penting tidak hanya untuk pertumbuhan anak, tetapi juga untuk mencegah risiko penyakit tidak menular di masa depan, termasuk diabetes melitus. Diperlukan lebih banyak data epidemiologi yang meneliti hubungan antara stunting saat balita dan risiko diabetes melitus agar pemahaman mengenai hubungan ini semakin akurat.References
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