SCOPING REVIEW: PENGARUH ANEMIA KEHAMILAN TERHADAP DEPRESI PASCA PERSALINAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.43266Keywords:
anemia, asam folat, depresi postpartum, zat besiAbstract
Depresi pascapersalinan adalah gangguan suasana hati yang umum terjadi setelah melahirkan, ditandai dengan gejala seperti kecemasan, insomnia, dan perubahan berat badan, yang mempengaruhi sekitar 10–15% ibu di dunia dan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap beban penyakit global. Depresi pascapersalinan dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisiologis dan psikologis, termasuk anemia selama kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh anemia kehamilan terhadap depresi pascapersalinan. Tinjauan cakupan ini dilakukan dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA dan menggunakan kerangka kerja PICOS untuk mengidentifikasi studi yang relevan mengenai anemia pada ibu hamil dan depresi pascapersalinan. Artikel diperoleh dari basis data PubMed dan Scopus, kemudian disaring secara ketat menggunakan perangkat lunak referensi untuk menghindari duplikasi dan memastikan kesesuaian dengan kriteria inklusi. Dari 112 artikel yang ditemukan, 14 studi akhir dipilih setelah proses penyaringan yang ketat berdasarkan relevansi, desain studi, dan populasi yang sesuai. Hasil telaah terhadap 14 artikel menunjukkan bahwa anemia kehamilan berkontribusi terhadap depresi pascapersalinan. Anemia selama kehamilan dan pascapersalinan dapat meningkatkan risiko depresi pascapersalinan melalui mekanisme perubahan neurotransmitter, stres oksidatif, hormon tiroid, serta sitokin inflamasi. Selain itu, kelelahan akibat anemia juga berkontribusi terhadap penurunan energi dan aktivitas, yang dapat memperburuk gejala depresi. Meskipun beberapa studi juga menemukan faktor lain seperti gizi, usia ibu, paritas, dan dukungan sosial sebagai penyebab tambahan. Pencegahan anemia selama kehamilan sangat penting untuk mengurangi risiko depresi pascapersalinan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa anemia selama kehamilan berkontribusi terhadap depresi pascapersalinan, sehingga pencegahannya dengan suplementasi zat besi dan asam folat sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan ibu dan anak.References
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