CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS : A CASE SERIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i1.42021Keywords:
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus nephrithis, Systemic lupus erythematosusAbstract
Lupus nefritis (LN) merupakan salah satu manifestasi klinis dari penyakit Lupus Sistemik Eritematosus (LES) yang disebabkan oleh proses peradangan yang timbul akibat terganggunya mekanisme imunologis penderitanya. Penelitian ini memuat 5 kasus LN dimana setiap pasien menunjukkan karakteristik klinikopatologi yang bervariasi setelah dilakukan analisa terstruktur terhadap data rekam medis pasien. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien LN adalah perempuan. Melalui temuan ini didapatkan adanya kemungkinan hubungan antara respon imun yang meningkat dengan hormon estrogen pada perempuan. Penderita LN dapat tampil dengan keluhan terkait abnormalitas urin seperti urin yang berbusa, namun pasien LN juga dapat tampil dengan gejala klasik LN seperti edema periorbital maupun perifer. Gejala klinis lainnya yang dapat timbul pada pasien LN antara lain mual, muntah, sesak nafas, dan adanya tanda-tanda anemia. Pengukuran kreatinin, ureum, dan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) penting dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi fungsi ginjal pasien LN. Terdapat hubungan antara temuan laboratorium dan gejala klinis yang tampil pada pasien. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan sebagian besar pasien terklasifikasi dalam LN Kelas II. Pemeriksaan histopatologi adalah pemeriksaan penunjang yang paling tepat untuk menentukan tipe lesi ginjal pada pasien LN. Sulitnya menegakkan diagnosis LN pada tahap awal perjalanan penyakit membutuhkan perhatian lebih. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan dan analisa karakteristik klinikopatologi yang terstruktur sejak tahap awal perjalanan penyakit agar tercapainya prognosis yang lebih baik bagi pasien.References
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