HEPATITIS A PADA ANAK LAKI – LAKI USIA 14 TAHUN : LAPORAN KASUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v8i3.37855Keywords:
anak, hepatitis A, jaundice, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), vaksinasiAbstract
Hepatitis A umumnya ditularkan melalui rute fekal-oral, sering kali berkaitan dengan kebersihan dan sanitasi yang tidak memadai. Di negara berkembang dengan kondisi sanitasi yang buruk, prevalensi infeksi hepatitis A virus (HAV) lebih tinggi, terutama pada anak-anak. Hepatitis A pada anak umumnya bersifat ringan dan dapat sembuh sendiri, meskipun beberapa kasus dapat menunjukkan gejala yang lebih parah. Dilaporkan seorang anak laki-laki berusia 14 tahun datang dengan keluhan seluruh tubuh menguning (jaundice), disertai demam, mual, muntah, urin berwarna gelap, dan feses berwarna putih. Pasien memiliki kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan di pinggir jalan. Diagnosis hepatitis A ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang yang menunjukkan hasil serologi IgM anti-HAV reaktif, serta peningkatan kadar enzim hati dan bilirubin. Kebiasaan makan di pinggir jalan menjadi faktor risiko utama bagi infeksi HAV. Hepatitis A umumnya merupakan penyakit yang sembuh sendiri (self-limiting). Terapi suportif seperti ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), hepatoprotektor, suplemen vitamin dapat membantu memperbaiki fungsi hati dan bermanfaat mempercepat pemulihan pada kasus hepatitis. Dalam kasus ini, setelah dua minggu terapi UDCA, terjadi perbaikan bertahap pada kondisi pasien, termasuk penurunan enzim hati. Selain itu, vaksinasi hepatitis A direkomendasikan sebagai langkah preventif yang efektif, khususnya pada anak-anak, untuk mengurangi risiko infeksi dan penularan HAV. Kepatuhan terhadap kebersihan makanan dan pemberian vaksinasi Hepatitis A sangat penting dalam pencegahan infeksi HAV.References
Abutaleb, A., & Kottilil, S. (2020). Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, Natural History, Unusual Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention. Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 49(2), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2020.01.002
Bergman, M. P., Johnson, D. R., & Williams, J. K. (2022). Hepatitis A in children: A global perspective. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 39(2), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdi.2021.08.007
Cahyono, Y., Azizah, R., Martini, S., & Sulistyorini, L. (2023). Risk Factor Analysis of the Incidence of Hepatitis A in Indonesia: A Meta-Analysis.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Hepatitis A. In Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book). Diakses dari https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-9-hepatitis-a.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Hepatitis A: Clinical overview. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Diakses dari https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/hcp/clinical-overview/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav/havfaq.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Hepatitis A: Diagnosis and Testing. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Diakses dari https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Hepatitis A: Vaccine administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Diakses dari https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/hcp/vaccine-administration/index.html
Enkelmann, J., Kuhnert, R., Stark, K., & Faber, M. (2023). Hepatitis A seroprevalence, vaccination status, and demographic determinants in children and adolescents in Germany, 2014–2017: A population-based study. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 9762. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36739-4
Gholizadeh, O., Akbarzadeh, S., Ghazanfari Hashemi, M., Gholami, M., Amini, P., Yekanipour, Z., Tabatabaie, R., Yasamineh, S., Hosseini, P., & Poortahmasebi, V. (2023). Hepatitis A: Viral Structure, Classification, Life Cycle, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis Error, and Vaccination. The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2023, 4263309. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4263309
Harisma, F. B., Syahrul, F., Mubawadi, T., & Mirasa, Y. A. (2018). Analisis kejadian luar biasa Hepatitis A di SMA X Kabupaten Lamongan tahun 2018. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 6(2), 112–121. https://www.e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBE/article/view/8433/5367
Haines, E. J., & Oyama, L. C. (2018). Disorders of the liver and biliary tract. Dalam R. M. Walls (Ed.), Elsevier.
Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. (2023). Jadwal imunisasi anak IDAI. Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Diakses dari https://www.idai.or.id/artikel/klinik/imunisasi/jadwal-imunisasi-anak-idai
Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Mengenal Hepatitis A Pada Anak. Available at : https://www.idai.or.id/artikel/seputar-kesehatan-anak/mengenal-hepatitis-a-pada-anak (accessed 24 October 2024).
Iorio, N., & John, S. (2023). Hepatitis A. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Diakses dari: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459290/
John Hopkins Medicine. (2020). Hepatitis A and E. Diakses pada 1 November 2024, dari:https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/hepatitis/hepatitis-a
Kumar, K. J., Kumar, H. C., Manjunath, V. G., Anitha, C., & Mamatha, S. (2014). Hepatitis A in children- clinical course, complications and laboratory profile. Indian journal of pediatrics, 81(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-1114-8
Kumar, V., Cotran, R. S., & Robbins, S. L. (2007). Buku Ajar Patologi. Jakarta: EGC.
Langan, R. C., & Goodbred, A. J. (2021). Hepatitis A. American family physician, 104(4), 368–374.
Mansoor, S. N., Ali, S. H., & Khan, A. A. (2020). Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis A in children: A review. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000245
Migueres, M., Lhomme, S., & Izopet, J. (2021). Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, high-risk groups, prevention and research on antiviral treatment. Viruses, 13(10), 1900. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13101900
Nelson, N. P., Weng, M. K., Hofmeister, M. G., Moore, K. L., Doshani, M., Kamili, S., Koneru, A., Haber, P., Hagan, L., Romero, J. R., Schillie, S., & Harris, A. M. (2020). Prevention of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2020. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports, 69(5), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6905a1
Noel, L., Tubiana, R., Simon, A., et al. (2021). Low immune response rate of HIV-infected patients to a single injection of hepatitis A vaccine. Infectious Disease News, 51(1), 94–96.
Rahmah, S., & Indriani, C. (2014). Hubungan faktor perilaku dengan kejadian Hepatitis A di Kecamatan Depok Kabupaten Sleman. JMKMI, 16–20.
Riskesdas, K. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan Nasional 2013, 1–384. https://doi.org/1 Desember 2013
Riskesdas, K. (2018). Hasil Utama Riset Kesehata Dasar (RISKESDAS). Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 44(8), 1–200. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751- 8113/44/8/085201
Sasoka, D. S., & Satyabakti, P. (2014). Hubungan Antara Higiene Perseorangan Dengan Kejadian Hepatitis A Pada Pelajar/Mahasiswa.
Sawarkar, A., Tadas, V., Naik, M., Khandar, J., & Sakharwade, P. (2021). Case Report on Hepatitis-A. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 9(10), 253-256. https://doi.org/10.5455/jrmds.2021.09.10.256
Shin, E. C., & Jeong, S. H. (2018). Natural History, Clinical Manifestations, and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis A. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 8(9), a031708. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a031708
Stevenson, H. L., & Lucas, L. M. (2021). Vaccination strategies for hepatitis A in children. Pediatric Vaccines and Immunotherapy, 12(4), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1056/pvi.2021.08.210
Tabrizian, K., Shahramian, I., Bazi, A., Afshari, M., & Ghaemi, A. (2019). Alleviating effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in children with acute hepatitis A infection: A randomized clinical trial.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Maidatus Solihah, Meiriani Sari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
