MEKANISME SISTEM IMUN TERHADAP INFEKSI BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA SALURAN KEMIH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v8i3.37350Keywords:
Escherichia coli, sistem kekebalan tubuh, dan saluran kemih.Abstract
Bakteri Escherichia coli (E. coli) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) yang dapat mempengaruhi pria dan wanita dari berbagai usia. Penyakit ini dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien secara signifikan dan sering memerlukan penanganan medis, terutama jika berkembang menjadi pielonefritis atau sepsis. Artikel ini menjelaskan dua mekanisme utama sistem kekebalan tubuh dalam melawan infeksi E. coli di saluran kemih, yaitu respons imun bawaan (innate) dan adaptif. Respons imun bawaan bertindak sebagai pertahanan pertama, melibatkan sel-sel fagosit seperti neutrofil dan makrofag yang bekerja sama dengan sitokin pro-inflamasi (seperti IL-1, IL-6, dan IL-8) yang diproduksi oleh sel epitel kandung kemih. Sel-sel ini berperan penting dalam merekrut dan mengaktifkan komponen imun lainnya untuk membatasi penyebaran infeksi. Di sisi lain, respons imun adaptif melibatkan sel B dan sel T yang memproduksi antibodi spesifik terhadap antigen E. coli, memberikan perlindungan jangka panjang dan mengeliminasi infeksi secara lebih efektif. Respons imun adaptif ini dapat diperkuat melalui vaksinasi, yang dalam penelitian praklinis menunjukkan potensi dalam memicu pembentukan antibodi spesifik terhadap komponen antigenik E. coli. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur yang mencakup studi in vitro, in vivo, dan uji klinis yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang mekanisme imun tubuh pada ISK membuka peluang untuk pengembangan vaksin yang efektif, yang dapat menjadi solusi pencegahan jangka panjang bagi pasien berisiko tinggi terkena ISK.References
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