META-ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO INTERNAL DAN KOMORBID YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS DI WILAYAH ASIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v8i3.33272Keywords:
Meta-analysis; Tuberculosis; Internal Risk Factors; AsiaAbstract
Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi menular pembunuh nomor satu di dunia. Secara global, diperkirakan 10,0 juta (kisaran, 8,9-11,0 juta) orang terkena penyakit TB pada tahun 2019. Secara geografis, sebagian besar orang yang mengembangkan TB pada tahun 2019 berada di wilayah WHO Asia Tenggara (44%). Faktor internal seperti usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, imunisasi BCG dan adanya komorbid seperti infeksi penyakit HIV dan diabetes merupakan faktor risiko penyakit tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko internal dan komorbid terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis di Asia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi meta-analisis. Meta-analisis dilakukan terhadap penelitian dengan desain studi kohort dan kasus-kontrol, terpublikasi sejak Januari 1980 sampai Maret 2016, melalui database PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO dan BioMed Central. Perhitungan pooled odds ratio (OR) dengan asumsi fixed effect model atau random effect model. Data diolah menggunakan RevMan 5.3. Penelitian ini mereview 11.605 artikel, melibatkan 19 artikel ke dalam meta-analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan terhadap status gizi <18,5 kg/m2, (OR: 3,71; 95%CI: 1,15 – 12,01), tidak imunisasi BCG (OR: 1,86; 95%CI 1,35 – 2,57), pernah diimunisasi BCG (OR: 0,54; 95%CI: 1,44 – 3,16) dan penyakit diabetes (OR: 1,82; 95% CI 1,51 – 2,18) dengan penyakit TB di wilayah Asia. Kesimpulannya faktor risiko internal dan komorbid yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit TB di wilayah Asia ialah status gizi <18,5 kg/m2, tidak diimunisasi BCG, dan penyakit DM.References
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