GAGAL GINJAL AKUT DAN HEPATITIS AKUT PADA PASIEN DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME : LAPORAN KASUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v8i3.33253Keywords:
Gagal ginjal akut Infeksi Dengue, Hepatitis akut Infeksi Dengue, Dengue shock syndromeAbstract
Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) merupakan komplikasi dari demam berdarah akut yang mengancam jiwa. DSS dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi signifikan hingga kematian. Gagal ginjal akut (GGA) dan hepatitis akut merupakan dua contoh komplikasi dari DSS. Berbagai mekanisme dapat menyebabkan GGA pada pasien DSS salah satunya dikaitkan dengan kebocoran plasma dan hipovolemia yang terjadi selama infeksi dengue, yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan perfusi hingga disfungsi dari ginjal. Sedangkan hepatitis akut yang terjadi pada pasien DSS terkait dengan hepatosit dan sel Kupffer yang mengalami infalamasi akibat infeksi dengue. Diagnosa sedini mungkin sangat menentukan tatalaksana dan prognosis pasien DSS. Anamesis, pemeriksaan fisik serta pemeriksaan penunjang meliputi pemeriksaan laboratorium dan USG dapat dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosa pasien. Penatalaksaan DSS berkomplikasi melibatkan pendekatan komprehensif untuk mencegah perburukan komplikasi, mengelola gejala dan menstabilkan kondisi pasien. Telah disajikan kasus gagal ginjal akut dan hepatitis akut dalam laporan kasus ini pada pasien berusia 51 tahun yang mengalami DSS dengan keluhan demam tinggi sejak 4 hari lalu disertai sedikit berkemih, lemas seluruh tubuh, nyeri kepala, mual dan muntah. Pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan kesadaran somnolen, hipotensi, takikardi, nadi lemah, takipnue dan suhu 38,3°C. Pemeriksaan kedua mata konjungtiva anemis. Kekuatan motorik pada ekstremitas atas dan bawah 3333/3333/3333/3333 dan kardiomegali. Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan trombositopenia, anemia, peningkatan ureum, kreatinin dan fungsi hati, hipoalbuminemia, hiponatremia, IgM dan IgG dengue positif. Hasil USG abdomen didapatkan kedua ginjal dalam batas normal, tampak efusi pleura bilateral dan cairan bebas di intrabdomen. Setelah perawatan 1 minggu, pasien mengalami perbaikan dan diperbolehkan untuk pulang.References
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