MANAGEMENT OF LEPTOSPIROSIS WITH COMPLICATIONS - CASE REPORT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v8i2.32607Keywords:
Leptospirosis, Sindrom Weil, Ikterik, Gangguan Ginjal, Banjir, Faktor RisikoAbstract
Laporan kasus ini menyajikan seorang pria berusia 54 tahun dengan leptospirosis ikterik dan dugaan gangguan ginjal. Leptospira adalah bakteri penyebab leptospirosis, penyakit zoonosis yang sering terjadi selama musim banjir. Leptospirosis memiliki berbagai manifestasi klinis, dari gejala ringan seperti sakit kepala dan mialgia hingga bentuk berat yang dikenal sebagai sindrom Weil, ditandai dengan jaundice, gangguan ginjal, dan perdarahan. Indonesia memiliki insiden leptospirosis yang tinggi, menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia untuk angka kematian. Pasien, berasal dari daerah yang baru-baru ini terkena banjir, datang dengan keluhan utama demam naik-turun selama satu minggu, disertai sesak napas, ketidaknyamanan epigastrium, mual tanpa muntah, dan tinja berwarna teh. Riwayat medisnya termasuk hipertensi yang dikelola dengan amlodipine. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan sklera ikterik dan tinea pedis. Tes laboratorium menunjukkan peningkatan kadar nitrogen urea darah, meskipun kreatinin serum normal, menunjukkan cedera ginjal akut yang memerlukan pemantauan lebih lanjut. Diagnosis leptospirosis didasarkan pada presentasi klinis dan riwayat paparan banjir. Pasien menerima terapi antibiotik dengan cefotaxime, serta agen gastroprotektif dan anti-inflamasi. Setelah lima hari pengobatan, ia menunjukkan perbaikan signifikan dan dipulangkan dalam kondisi stabil. Leptospirosis sering terjadi di daerah tropis dan berisiko tinggi bagi individu yang tinggal di daerah rawan banjir atau terpapar lingkungan yang mungkin terkontaminasi oleh urine tikus. Diagnosis dini dan terapi yang tepat sangat penting untuk mencegah komplikasi berat seperti gagal ginjal dan kematian. Leptospirosis adalah penyakit yang dapat dicegah dan diobati dengan diagnosis dini dan manajemen yang tepat. Perawatan medis dengan antibiotik dan perawatan suportif sangat penting untuk mencegah perkembangan penyakit yang parah.References
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