HUBUNGAN BULLYING DI TEMPAT KERJA TERHADAP DISTRESS PSIKOLOGIS DAN KEPUASAN HIDUP PEKERJA PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v5i2.2422Keywords:
bullying, health care sector, level of distress, and satisfaction with lifeAbstract
AbstractWorkers who are working in the health care sector have to deal with a work condition that is high-risk for bullying from various parties that come from, among others, the expectation of excellent performance. This study aimed to assess the association between Workplace Bullying, Psychological Distress, and Satisfaction with Life among workers in health care sector. This is a cross-sectional study on 310 respondents consisting of workers who work on various health care services. Data were collected using a randomly distributed questionnaire and processed using a frequency distribution table. The association between variables were then analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results of this study showed associations between Workplace Bullying, Psychological Distress, and Satisfaction with Life. The majority of workers in the health care sector did not experience bullying and stress. For the satisfaction with life in this sector, the study showed a high satisfaction level. This study concludes that there is an association between bullying and stress level among workers in health care sector. A higher bullying and stress level will trigger dissatisfaction with life. Despite the low bullying incidence in this sector, management still has to be aware and perform prompt actions to identify and prevent negative actions. This is important to prevent bullying by implementing an appropriate anti-bullying program in the workplace, that the stress level will not increase and the satisfaction of the workers is maintained. Keywords: bullying, health care sector, level of distress, and satisfaction with life AbstrakPekerja sektor Pelayanan Kesehatan  merupakan pekerja yang harus menghadapi situasi kerja yang sangat berisiko terjadinya kejadian bullying dari berbagai pihak dan menuntut perfoma yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan bullying di tempat kerja, distres psikologis, dan kepuasan hidup pada pekerja di sektor pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara acak kepada kelompok pekerja yang bekerja di berbagai sektor pelayanan kesehatan dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 310. Data yang terkumpul kemudian diolah menggunakan tabel distribusi frekuensi dan dianalisis hubungannya dengan metode uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara bullying di tempat kerja, distres psikologis, dan kepuasan hidup. Pekerja di sektor pelayanan kesehatan mayoritas tidak mengalami kejadian bullying dan mayoritas juga tidak mengalami stres. Terkait tingkat kepuasan bekerja di pelayanan kesehatan, hasil studi menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan tersebut menunjukkan semakin tinggi kejadian bullying dan tingkat stres di sektor pelayanan kesehatan akan memicu ketidakpuasan terhadap kehidupan para pekerjanya. Walaupun didapatkan kejadian bullying yang rendah di sektor pelayanan kesehatan, manajemen harus tetap waspada dan segera bertindak untuk mengidentifikasi dan mencegah terjadinya perilaku negatif. Hal ini penting untuk mencegah terjadinya korban bullying dan penerapan program anti bullying yang tepat di tempat kerja, sehingga tingkat stres tidak meningkat dan kepuasan bekerja tetap terjaga. Kata kunci : Bullying, distress level, kepuasan hidup, dan pelayanan kesehatanÂReferences
Akter, J. (2019). Review Article The Psychological Effects of Workplace Bullying among Bangladeshi Women. EC PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, 12, 1–8.
Anasori, E., Bayighomog, S. W., & Tanova, C. (2020). Workplace bullying, psychological distress, resilience, mindfulness, and emotional exhaustion. Service Industries Journal, 40(1–2), 65–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2019.1589456
Bardakçı, E., & Günüşen, N. P. (2016). Influence of Workplace Bullying on Turkish Nurses’ Psychological Distress and Nurses’ Reactions to Bullying. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 27(2), 166–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614549073
Body, O. H. S., Hazards, K. P., & April, V. (2012). OHS Body of Knowledge Psychosocial Hazards: Bullying, Aggression and Violence Psychosocial Hazards: Bullying, Aggression and Violence. https://www.ohsbok.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/21-Hazard-Bullying.pdf?x19450
Charilaos, K., Michael, G., Chryssa, B.-T., Panagiota, D., George, C. P., & Christina, D. (2015). Validation of the Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) in a Sample of Greek Teachers. Psychology, 06(01), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.61007
Chia, S. M., & Kee, D. M. H. (2018). Workplace bullying and task performance: A study on salespeople in retail industry. Management Science Letters, 8(6), 707–716. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.4.011
Devonish, D. (2013). Workplace bullying, employee performance and behaviors. Employee Relations, 35(6), 630–647. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2013-0004
Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the negative acts questionnaire-revised. Work and Stress, 23(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673
Fitri, A. (2017). HUBUNGAN KEJADIAN BULLYING DI TEMPAT KERJA DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RSUD DR. ACHMAD MUCHTAR BUKITTINGGI TAHUN 2017 [UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS]. http://scholar.unand.ac.id/id/eprint/26505
Hidaya, N. (2017). ANALISIS FAKTOR–FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN BULLYING DI TEMPAT KERJA PERAWAT DI KOTA BENGKULU. In TESIS PROGRAM STUDI S2 KEPERAWATAN KEKHUSUSAN KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MANAJEMEN KEPERAWATAN FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS. http://scholar.unand.ac.id/id/eprint/30637
Hidayati, L. (2016). Pembulian di Tempat Kerja dalam Konteks Asia. Seminar Nasional Dan Gelar Produk, 133–142.
Jaradat, Y., Nielsen, M. B., Kristensen, P., Nijem, K., Bjertness, E., Stigum, H., & Bast-Pettersen, R. (2016). Workplace aggression, psychological distress, and job satisfaction among Palestinian nurses: A cross-sectional study. Applied Nursing Research, 32, 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2016.07.014
Johnson, S. L. (2018). Workplace Bullying in the Nursing Profession. In Special topics and particular occupations, professions and sectors (pp. 1–31). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5154-8_14-1
Kessler, R. C. (2001). Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ( K10 ) Source : Kessler R . Professor of Health Care Policy , Harvard Medical This is a 10-item questionnaire intended to yield a global measure of distress based on questions about anxiety and depressive symptoms tha.
Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Normand, S. L. T., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(2), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184
Khamlub, S., Sarker, M. A. B., Hirosawa, T., Outavong, P., Sakamoto, J., & others. (2013). JOB SATISFACTION OF HEALTH-CARE WORKERS AT HEALTH CENTERS IN VIENTIANE CAPITAL AND BOLIKHAMSAI PROVINCE, LAO PDR. Nagoya Journal of Medical Science, 75(3–4), 233–241. http://ir.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/handle/2237/18472%5Cnhttp://www.med.nagoya-u.ac.jp/medlib/nagoya_j_med_sci/7534/08_Khamlub.pdf
Kong, J.-W., & Eo, Y.-S. (2019). Influence of Job Stress, Team Cohesion and Organizational Justice on Workplace Bullying in Clinical Nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 25(5), 448. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.5.448
Kwan, S. S. M., Tuckey, M. R., & Dollard, M. F. (2020). The Malaysian Workplace Bullying Index (MWBI): A new measure of workplace bullying in Eastern countries. PloS One, 15(1), e0223235. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223235
Lee, Y., Lee, M., & Bernstein, K. (2013). Effect of Workplace Bullying and Job Stress on Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2013.22.2.77
Linton, D. K., & Power, J. L. (2013). The personality traits of workplace bullies are often shared by their victims: Is there a dark side to victims? Personality and Individual Differences, 54(6), 738–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.026
Malik, S., & Bano, S. (2016). Pakistan Business Review April 2016 Impact Of Workplace Bullying On Job Satisfaction Among Doctors: Moderating Role Of Coping Strategies Pakistan Business Review April 2016. Research Gate, April.
Matthiesen, S. B., & Einarsen, S. (2010). Bullying in the workplace: definition, prevalence, antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 13(2), 202–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-13-02-2010-B004
Nielsen, M. B., & Einarsen, S. (2012). Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying: A meta-analytic review. Work & Stress, 26(4), 309–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2012.734709
Notelaers, G., & Einarsen, S. (2013). The world turns at 33 and 45: Defining simple cutoff scores for the Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised in a representative sample. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(6), 670–682. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.690558
Pavot, W. G., Diener, E., Colvin, C. R., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 5, 149–161.
Pepe, A., Addimando, L., Dagdukee, J., & Veronese, G. (2019). Psychological distress, job satisfaction, and work engagement among Palestinian teachers: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 393(May), S40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30626-9
Pereira, A., Oliveira, C. A., Bártolo, A., Monteiro, S., Vagos, P., & Jardim, J. (2019). Reliability and Factor Structure of the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) among Portuguese adults. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 24(3), 729–736. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018243.06322017
Podsiadly, A., & Gamian-Wilk, M. (2017). Personality traits as predictors or outcomes of being exposed to bullying in the workplace. Personality and Individual Differences, 115, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.001
Putra, A. A., & Rahayuningsih, T. (2017). Validitas Konstruk Pengukuran Perilaku Bullying Di. Psychopolytan (Jurnal Psikologi), 1(1), 54–60.
Quine, L. (1999). Workplace bullying in NHS community trust: staff questionnaire survey. BMJ, 318(7178), 228–232. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7178.228
Quine, L. (2001). Workplace Bullying in Nurses. Journal of Health Psychology, 6(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910530100600106
Quine, L. (2003). Workplace Bullying, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction in Junior Doctors. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 12(1), 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180103121111
Rai, A., & Agarwal, U. A. (2019). Examining the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Exposure to Workplace Bullying. Global Business Review, 20(4), 1069–1087. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919844883
Robert, F. (2018). Impact of Workplace Bullying on Job Performance and Job Stress. Journal of Management Info, 5(3), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v5i3.123
Sari, I. I. (2018). Pengaruh Workplace Bullying (Perisakan Di Tempat Kerja)Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Self Esteem (Harga Diri) Sebagai Variabel Moderator. Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Lampung, 1–74.
Seigne, E., Coyne, I., Randall, P., & Parker, J. (2007). Personality traits of bullies as a contributory factor in workplace bullying: An exploratory study. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 10(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-10-01-2007-B006
Shukla, N., & Singhournal, S. (2020). Study of Workplace Bullying. OJAS Expanding Knowledge Horizon, January-June 2020, 31–37.
Silviandari, I. A., & Helmi, A. F. (2018). Bullying di Tempat Kerja di Indonesia. Buletin Psikologi, 26(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.38028
Sitzman, K. (2004). Workplace bullying. AAOHN Journal : Official Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 52(5), 220. https://doi.org/10.1177/216507990405200510
Smith, P. K. (2016). Bullying: Definition, Types, Causes, Consequences and Intervention. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(9), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12266
Steele, N. M., Rodgers, B., & Fogarty, G. J. (2020). The Relationships of Experiencing Workplace Bullying with Mental Health, Affective Commitment, and Job Satisfaction: Application of the Job Demands Control Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062151
Tsuno, K., Kawachi, I., Kawakami, N., & Miyashita, K. (2018). Workplace Bullying and Psychological Distress. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 60(12), 1067–1072. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001433
UNESCO. (2018). New SDG 4 Data on Bullying. UNESCO. http://uis.unesco.org/en/news/new-sdg-4-data-bullying
Vukelić, M., Čizmić, S., & Petrović, I. B. (2019). Acceptance of Workplace Bullying Behaviors and Job Satisfaction: Moderated Mediation Analysis With Coping Self-Efficacy and Exposure to Bullying. Psychological Reports, 122(5), 1883–1906. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118793985
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Dadan Erwandi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
