HUBUNGAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DAN KUALITAS AIR DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v7i1.12474Keywords:
Kualitas Air, Sanitasi Lingkungan, StuntingAbstract
Prevalensi stunting pada anak balita pada tahun 2019 adalah 21,3% yang artinya melebihi batas yang telah ditetapkan oleh WHO yaitu 20 %. Balita dengan riwayat stunting cenderung memiliki tingkat kecerdasan yang tidak optimal, rentan terhadap penyakit, dan berisiko mengalami penurunan produktivitas. Stunting dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor antara lain sistem ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan, dan sistem sanitasi dan air bersih. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang bagaimana hubungan yang terjadi diantara sanitasi lingkungan dan kualitas air yang ada di masyarakat dengan terjadinya stunting. Penelitian kajian literatur adalah penelitian yang digunakan peneliti pada penelitian ini. Sanitasi dan kualiatas air yang buruk tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan manusia saja tetapi juga mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak seperti terjadinya pengerdilan balita (stunting). Sepuluh artikel yang dianalisa didapatkan bahwa secara positif sanitasi dan kualitas air berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia maupun di luar negeri seperti negara Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, dan Nepal. Buruknya sanitasi dan kualitas air memaksa orang tua dan balita mengonsumsi air minum seadanya untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari dan air minum sehingga berdampak pada kesehatan khususnya pencernaan yang tentu sangat berkaitan dengan pengolahan makanan dan gizi. Tidak hanya itu, lebih lanjut diketahui faktor lain yang berdampingan dengan faktor sanitasi dan kualitas air yang perlu diperhatikan adalah faktor pendidikan orang tua serta pemenuhan gizi anak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara teoritik, sanitasi dan kualitas air mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kejadian stunting di dunia.References
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