Efektivitas Metode Multisensori Terhadap Kemampuan Pragmatik Anak Autism Spectrum Disorder Usia 5-10 Tahun di Slb Yayasan Bina Asih dan Mutiara Al Islam Kota Surakarta

Abstract

Abstrak Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) umumnya mengalami hambatan pada kemampuan pragmatik akibat keterbatasan dalam interaksi sosial dan integrasi sensorik. Kemampuan pragmatik merupakan komponen penting dalam komunikasi sosial yang mencakup penggunaan bahasa secara tepat sesuai konteks.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini guna mengetahui efektivitas metode multisensori terhadap kemampuan pragmatik anak Autism Spectrum Disorder usia 5–10 tahun di SLB Yayasan Bina Asih dan Mutiara Al Islam Kota Surakarta. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan jenis one-group pretest–posttest design, yang melibatkan sejumlah 10 anak ASD sebagai sampel penelitian melalui teknik purposive sampling. Kemampuan pragmatik diukur menggunakan instrumen Assessment of Pragmatic Skills diadaptasi dari Shipley dan McAfee (2021). Data penelitian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menerapkan uji statistik Wilcoxon Matched Pairs. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata pre-test adalah 7 dengan kategori kurang. Hasil rata-rata post-test adalah 17 dengan kategori cukup. Hasil analisis Wilcoxon memperoleh nilai Sig. 0,005 yang artinya p<0,05 sehingga Ha diterima bahwa disimpulkan metode multisensori efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pragmatik anak autism spectrum disorder. Kata Kunci: Autism spectrum disorder, kemampuan pragmatik, metode multisensori  Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) generally experiences obstacles in pragmatic abilities due to limitations in social interaction and sensory integration. Pragmatic abilities are an important component in social communication, which includes the appropriate use of language according to context. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the multisensory method on the pragmatic abilities of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder aged 5–10 years at the Bina Asih and Mutiara Al Islam Special Schools in Surakarta. A quantitative approach was used in this study with a one-group pretest–posttest design, involving 10 children with ASD as research samples through purposive sampling. Pragmatic skills were measured using the Assessment of Pragmatic Skills instrument adapted from Shipley and McAfee (2021). The research data were analyzed univariately and bivariately by applying the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs statistical test. The research findings showed that the pre-test mean score was 7, which was categorized as poor. The post-test mean score was 17, which was categorized as adequate. The Wilcoxon analysis obtained a Sig. value of 0.005, which means p<0.05, so Ha was accepted, concluding that the multisensory method is effective in improving the pragmatic skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, pragmatic ability, multisensory method