Hubungan Lama Menjalani Hemodialisa dengan Status Gizi Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik di Rsu Royal Prima Medan Tahun 2025

Abstract

ABSTRAK Gagal Ginjal Kronik (GGK) didefinisikan sebagai penurunan fungsi ginjal bersifat permanen dan terus memburuk, yang umumnya membutuhkan intervensi terapi pengganti ginjal seperti hemodialisa. Terapi hemodialisa yang diterapkan dalam durasi yang lama mempengaruhi status gizi pasien akibat hilangnya zat gizi selama proses dialisis dan penurunan nafsu makan. Status gizi yang buruk dapat meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik (GGK) penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sejauh mana hubungan antara lama waktu hemodialisa dengan status gizi pasien GGK yang berada di RSU Royal Prima Medan periode 2025. Studi ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan metode kuantitatif. Populasi riset terdiri dari 134 pasien GGK yang menjalani prosedur hemodialisa di rumah sakit yang sama. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara tidak sengaja (accidental sampling) dan menghasilkan 47 sempel. Untuk pengumpulan data, peneliti memanfaatkan rekam medis dan kuesioner, kemudian data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α < 0,05) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden menjalani hemodialisa selama >2 tahun sebanyak 22 orang (46,8%), sedangkan mayoritas status gizi responden tergolong gizi kurang sebanyak 25 orang (53,2%). Terdapat hubungan signifikan yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil uji statistik antara status gizi pasien GGK dan lama waktu mereka menjalani hemodialisa (p-value 0,000). Dapat disimpulkan, bahwa semakin lama pasien menjalani hemodialisa, semakin besar kemungkinan mengalami penurunan status gizi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemantauan status gizi secara rutin dan intervensi nutrisi yang tepat bagi pasien yang telah lama menjalani terapi hemodialisa untuk menjaga kondisi gizi mereka. Kata Kunci: Gagal ginjal kronik, hemodialisa, lama menjalani hemodialisa, status gizi.   ABSTRACT Chronic Kidney Failure (CKF) is a medical condition marked by the gradual and ongoing decline in kidney function and permanent decline in kidney function, which often requires renal replacement therapy such as hemodialysis. Long-term hemodialysis therapy can affect the patient's nutritional status due to the loss of nutrients during the dialysis process and decreased appetite. Suboptimal nutritional status among individuals suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) heightens their susceptibility to both illness (morbidity) and death (mortality). This research was therefore conducted to assess the correlation between the length of time a patient receives hemodialysis and their nutritional state at Royal Prima Medan Hospital in 2025. The study employed a quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional design. The entire study population consisted of 134 chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis at that facility. Using an accidental sampling technique, 47 respondents were successfully recruited. Data were collected via medical record review and questionnaires, and subsequently analyzed using the Chi-Square test at the 95% significance level (α< 0.05). The findings indicated that the majority of participants (22 individuals) had been on hemodialysis for over two years, while a separate majority (25 individuals) were concurrently classified as malnourished. Critically, the statistical analysis demonstrated A strong correlation was found between the length of time patients were on hemodialysis and their nutritional status (p-value = 0.000). The longer a patient undergoes hemodialysis, the greater the likelihood of experiencing a decline in nutritional status. Therefore, routine nutritional monitoring and appropriate nutritional interventions are necessary for patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis therapy to maintain their nutritional status. Keywords: Chronic kidney failure, hemodialysis, duration of hemodialysis, nutritional status.