Systematic Review of Nurse Performance Appraisal Instruments: Validity, Reliability, and Implications for Nursing Practice

Authors

  • Deltario Novian Joko Sucipto Universitas Airlangga
  • Purwaningsih Purwaningsih Universitas Airlangga
  • Nuzul Qur’aniati Universitas Airlangga

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v10i1.52048

Abstract

Abstract Accurate assessment of nurse performance is essential to improving healthcare quality, patient outcomes, and organizational effectiveness. Despite the development of various performance appraisal instruments, concerns persist regarding their validity, reliability, fairness, and alignment with clinical practice. This systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, analyzed studies published between 2020 and 2025 from PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Sage Journals that discussed the development, evaluation, or implementation of nurse performance appraisal tools. From 226 identified articles, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The instruments reviewed ranged from self-assessment and peer/supervisor evaluation to empowerment-based and theoretically grounded models such as self-efficacy and the balanced scorecard. Findings revealed that most instruments positively influenced job satisfaction, empowerment, organizational commitment, and patient outcomes. However, persistent challenges include subjectivity, inconsistent benchmarks, limited validation, and poor communication between appraisers and appraisees. Instruments integrating multiple perspectives and theoretical foundations demonstrated greater comprehensiveness and acceptance. Therefore, future development should prioritize standardization, validity, reliability, fairness, and alignment with organizational goals, positioning performance appraisal as a strategic mechanism to enhance nursing performance and healthcare quality rather than merely an administrative requirement. Keywords: nurse performance appraisal, validity, reliability

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Published

2026-01-28

How to Cite

Sucipto, D. N. J., Purwaningsih, P., & Qur’aniati, N. (2026). Systematic Review of Nurse Performance Appraisal Instruments: Validity, Reliability, and Implications for Nursing Practice. Jurnal Ners, 10(1), 2153–2161. https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v10i1.52048

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Ners

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