Hubungan Literasi Kesehatan dan Frailty pada Lansia di Komunitas: Meta Analisis

Abstract

Abstrak Frailty merupakan sindrom klinis multidimensional pada lansia yang meningkatkan risiko kejadian buruk seiring penuaan populasi global. Literasi kesehatan (health literacy) yang rendah pada lansia dapat menghambat manajemen mandiri kesehatan dan pencegahan penurunan fungsional. Rendahnya literasi kesehatan diduga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko frailty melalui mekanisme perilaku, sosial, dan fisiologis tetapi hubungannya dengan frailty belum banyak dieksplorasi secara kuantitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara sistematik dan kuantitatif hubungan antara literasi kesehatan dan frailty pada lansia yang tinggal di komunitas. Meta-analisis ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020, dengan pencarian literatur pada PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, dan Scopus (2021-2025) menggunakan kata kunci seperti "health literacy" AND "elderly" AND "frailty". Kriteria inklusi mencakup studi observasional analitik pada lansia ≥60 tahun di komunitas dengan laporan odds ratio (OR) atau data yang memungkinkan perhitungannya. Data dianalisis menggunakan model random effects pada Review Manager 5.4, dengan evaluasi heterogenitas (I²) dan bias publikasi (funnel plot). Tiga studi (n=1.956) menunjukkan bahwa literasi kesehatan tinggi berhubungan dengan penurunan risiko frailty (OR gabungan=0,58; 95% CI: 0,48–0,71; p<0,00001), tanpa heterogenitas signifikan (I²=0%) atau bias publikasi. (Times New Roman 11, reguler, spasi 1, spacing before 6 pt, after 6 pt) Kata Kunci: frailty, komunitas, literasi kesehatan, lansia.   Abstract Frailty is a multidimensional clinical syndrome in older adults that increases the risk of adverse health outcomes as the global population ages. Low health literacy (HL) among the elderly can hinder self-management and the prevention of functional decline. Poor health literacy is suspected to contribute to an increased risk of frailty through behavioral, social, and physiological mechanisms; however, its quantitative association with frailty has not been widely explored. This study aimed to systematically and quantitatively analyze the association between health literacy and frailty among community-dwelling older adults. This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with literature searches conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Scopus (2021–2025) using keywords such as “health literacy” AND “elderly” AND “frailty.” The inclusion criteria comprised analytical observational studies involving community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years that reported odds ratios (ORs) or provided sufficient data for calculation. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model in Review Manager 5.4, with assessment of heterogeneity (I²) and publication bias (funnel plot). Three studies (n = 1,956) demonstrated that higher health literacy was associated with a reduced risk of frailty (pooled OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.48–0.71; p < 0.00001), with no significant heterogeneity (I² = 0%) or publication bias observed. Keywords: community, frailty, health literacy, older adults.